Rebuttal to Sam Shamoun
Where is Allah Exactly?
Abdullah Kareem
The article can be accessed here: (http://answering-islam.org.uk/Shamoun/allah_location.htm)
HE WROTE:
The Quran presents a rather incoherent and contradictory
portrait of Allah and his attributes. The Quran, in two places, says that
nothing resembles Allah (cf. Surah 42:11; 112:4), and
yet scores of passages speak of Allah in highly anthropomorphic terms, i.e.
Allah ascends and descends, has eyes, hands, shin etc.
RESPONSE:
The descriptions of Allah “descending” are purely
figurative, the Islamic perspective of God does not limit His attributes.
Muslims do not believe God descends to earth, only his knowledge descends while
He is above the Heavens. God is always above
His throne; he exists everywhere by His knowledge.
God does not have hands and eyes in human form. Allah only
has “hands” and “eyes” in the sense of communicating to His prophets, which is
rational. For the humans trying to understand God, He is described as “He” in
the Bible and Quran, yet God is neither male nor female.
The Quran and Hadith never say Allah has “shins”.
HE WROTE:
These statements have caused many prominent Muslim scholars
to disagree on whether Allah does indeed have a face, eyes, hands, and whether
he moves from one place to another, even though in a manner unlike anything in
creation, or whether these statements should be understood metaphorically. For
instance, the Salafi Muslim website, www.Islamqa.com, comments on specific hadiths which say that Allah created Adam in his image
(meaning in Allah’s image) and claims that:
He is everywhere by His vision, He is everywhere by His
hearing, vision, and knowledge.
RESPONSE:
Just because God has a face does not make Him comparable.
The Bible says God has a face and roars like a lion (Hosea 11:10). Yet there is
“none like unto Him” (Isaiah 46:9). According to the Bible, “God spoke to Moses
FACE TO FACE” (Exodus. 33:11), how does Shamoun explain that?
(1) God works through humans (Ex.
15:3, Isaiah 42:13). This does not mean God descends to earth!
(2) God helped Judah drive out the lowlands
(Judges 1:19), yet God never descended Himself.
(3) God descends to earth by His
presence (Deu. 4:39).
(4) God is unique, He does not
move from one place to another.
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah’s Apostle said, "Every
night when it is the last third of the night, our Lord, the Superior, the Blessed, descends to the nearest heaven and says: Is there anyone to invoke Me
that I may respond to his invocation? Is there anyone to ask Me
so that I may grant him his request? Is there anyone asking My
forgiveness so that I may forgive him? (See Hadith
No. 246,Vol. 2). (Sahih
al-Bukhari, Volume 9, Book 93, Number 586)
The Holy Prophet said God descends at night to hear the prayers of his
servants. Allah does not descend literally, only His presence.
HE WROTE:
From these ahaadeeth we learn that it is
proven that Allaah has an image (soorah
in Arabic), in a manner that befits Him, may
He be glorified and exalted. His image is one of His attributes which cannot be
likened to the attributes of created beings, just as His essence cannot be
likened to their essence.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said: "The word
soorah (image) in this hadeeth
is like all the other names and attributes narrated (in the texts) where the
words used may also be applied to created beings, in a limited manner. When
these words are applied to Allaah, they carry a
unique meaning, such as al-‘Aleem (All Knowing), al-Qadeer (All-Powerful), al-Raheem
(Most Merciful), al-Samee’ (All Hearing), al-Baseer (All-Seeing), and such as His creating with His
hands, rising above the Throne, etc." Naqd
al-Ta’sees, 3/396
Everything that exists must inevitably have a form
or image. Shaykh al-Islam said: "Just as
everything that exists must have attributes that, so too everything that exists
by itself must have a form or image. It is impossible for something that exists
by itself not to have a form or image."
And he said: "There was no dispute among the salaf of the first three generations that the pronoun
in the hadeeth refers to Allaah,
and it is narrated through many isnaads from many of
the Sahaabah. The contexts of the ahaadeeth
all indicate that… but when al-Jahamiyyah became
widespread in the third century AH, a group began to say that the pronoun
refers to something other than Allaah, and this was
transmitted from a group of scholars who are known to have knowledge and to
follow the Sunnah in most of their affairs, such as Abu Thawr,
Ibn Khuzaymah, Abu’l-Shaykh al-Asfahaani and
others. Hence they were denounced by the imams of Islam and other Sunni
scholars."
… The Prophet’s words, "Adam was created in
His image" means that Allaah created Adam
in His image, for He HAS A FACE, AN EYE, A HAND, AND A FOOT, and Adam had a
face, an eye, a hand, and a foot… but that does not mean that these things are
exactly the same. There is some similarity, but it is not exactly the same.
Similarly the first group to enter Paradise
are likened to the moon, but they are not exactly the same. This
confirms the view of Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaa'ah, who say that none
of the attributes of Allaah can be likened to the
attributes of created beings, without distorting or misinterpreting, or
discussing how or likening Him to His creation. (Question #20652: Commentary
on the hadeeth, "Allaah
created Adam in His image"; online
source; bold, capital and underline emphasis ours)
More importantly, such differences in theology greatly affect how certain
passages of the Quran which speak of Allah’s acts and attributes are rendered.
Here is a case in point:
RESPONSE:
Shamoun’s argument backfires
against him. God has eyes and feet in his own form; this does not disqualify
His uniqueness. The Bible portrays God in negative forms; He eats and sleeps
(Ps. 78:65), forgets and regrets (Ps. 13:1); walks and even flies (Ps. 18:10).
Yet there is “none like unto Him” (Al-Quran 112, Isaiah 46:9). This article is a complete waste of our time.
Genesis 1:26 is distorted by Christians to portray God in human form.
That man was made in God's image
and after his likeness, two words to express the same thing and making each
other the more expressive; image and likeness denote the likest
image, the nearest resemblance of any of the visible creatures. Man was not
made in the likeness of any creature that went before him, but in the likeness
of his Creator. (Matthew Henry, Commentary
on Genesis, online
Source)
Adam is the image of God by knowing good and evil, so
Genesis 1:26 is purely figurative.
The Islamic scholars are deceived by the Christian
interpretation to mean God is physically like Adam! The Bible is clear that Adam is not God’s
image:
And the LORD God said, "The
man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil.
He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of
life and eat, and live forever." (Genesis 3:22)
The Muslim scholars are probably saying that God resembles
Adam in His own form, but does not
mean God is exactly like Adam. He was
created as flesh and blood, God is spirit and immaterial. In comparison, Adam
has a mouth, so God obviously has a mouth to communicate (Deu.
32:1). This is exactly what the Muslim scholars are saying; God resembles Adam
in His own form.
The Hebrew word ‘Elohim’ means
Gods, a plural of respect. The word “us” and “we” in Arabic are figurative
expressions. [1]
Regarding Genesis 1:26, we recommend the following articles:
http://www.answering-christianity.com/abdullah_smith/genesis1_26.htm
http://www.answering-christianity.com/abdullah_smith/women_rebuttal_1.htm
http://www.answering-christianity.com/let_us.htm
Christianity is for white people because the Bible “says”
God is white. Muslims fall prey to the Christian deception; Adam is not the
image of God literally!
HE WROTE:
Surah al-Baqarah
(2:115)
|
Pickthall
|
Yusuf
Ali
|
Hilali-Khan
|
Shakir
|
Sher
Ali
|
|
Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever
ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance (wajhu Allahi)…
|
To God belong the east and the West: Whithersoever ye turn, there is the presence of God…
|
And to Allah belong the east and the west, so wherever you
turn yourselves or your faces there is the Face of Allah (and
He is High above, over His Throne)…
|
And Allah's is the East and the West, therefore, whither
you turn, thither is Allah's purpose; …
|
To ALLAH belongs the East and the West; so whithersoever
you turn, there will be the face of ALLAH …
|
More accurate than all these Muslim translations of S. 92:20
is the rendering by Arberry: "only seeking the
Face of his Lord the Most High". The Arabic word, wajh,
literally means face and, depending on one’s theology, can either suggest that
Allah actually has a face or that this is to be understood metaphorically as a
reference to Allah’s immaterial and invisible presence. However, even if taken
metaphorically as presence, then it should be translated as
"presence" and not as "purpose" or "pleasure."
The "face" of Allah is clearly a problematic expression for many
Muslim translators.
RESPONSE:
It is true that “countenance” and “purpose” are wrong
translations. The correct translation is “presence” or “Face”, which are
interchangeable. The “presence” of God is the face itself:
And call not, besides Allah, on
another god. There is no god but He. Everything (that exists) will perish except His own
face. To Him belongs the Command, and to Him will ye (all) be brought
back. (Al-Quran 28:88)
Everything shall perish except God! In other words, everything shall perish
except God’s presence, or face. Why should God having a face be problematic?
God obviously has a face.
So Jacob called the place Peniel, saying,
"It is because I saw God face
to face, and yet my life was
spared." (Genesis 32:30)
"No, please!" said
Jacob. "If I have found favor in your eyes, accept this gift from me. For to see your face is like seeing the face
of God, now that you have received me favorably. (Genesis 33:10)
The LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks
with his friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young aide Joshua
son of Nun did not leave the tent. (Exodus 33:11)
The word “face” should not be metaphorical, because Muslims
are proud to say that God has a face. The Bible is very clear that God
possesses the faculties of vision, hearing, and speech, so obviously God has a
face.
Amazingly, the Bible even portrays God having back-parts!
Then the LORD said, "There is
a place near me where you may stand on a rock. When my glory passes by, I will
put you in a cleft in the rock and cover you with my hand until I
have passed by. Then I will remove my
hand and you will see my back;
but my face must not be seen." (Exodus 33:21-23)
The Bible degrades God by saying He will cover Moses with
His own hand, the Quran does not speak in this manner. The Holy Quran never
depicts God having back-parts.
No one has seen God’s shape:
And the Father himself, which hath
sent me, hath borne witness of me. Ye have neither heard his voice at any time,
nor
seen his shape. (John
5:37)
God exists in some shape and form, but doesn’t mean He is
physically like humans. God possesses the faculties of hearing, vision, and
speech in His own form.
The Islamic description of God is
not the same as any other creation since God is not seen by Muslims as like any
of His creation. “There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearer,
All-Seer.” [al-Shoora 42:11]
God is only described by that which God describes Himself
and that which the Prophet Muhammad described God by. Muslims do not add nor do
we subtract from the attributes of God the Almighty. [1]
The Prophet Muhammad said God is Light:
"O Allah: All the Praises are for You: You are the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth. All the
Praises are for You; You are the Maintainer of the
Heaven and the Earth and whatever is in them. All the Praises are for You; You are the Light of the Heavens and the
Earth. Your Word is the
Truth, and Your Promise is the Truth, and the Meeting with You is the Truth,
and Paradise is the Truth, and the (Hell) Fire
is the Truth, and the Hour is the Truth. O Allah! I surrender myself to You,
and I believe in You and I depend upon You, and I repent to You and with You
(Your evidences) I stand against my opponents, and to you I leave the judgment
(for those who refuse my message). O Allah! Forgive me my sins that I did in
the past or will do in the future, and also the sins I did in secret or in
public. You are my only God (Whom I worship) and there is no other God for me (i.e.
I worship none but You)." (Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas) [1]
The Bible says God dwells in light:
Who only hath immortality, dwelling
in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor
can see. (1Timothy 6:16)
There is nothing wrong with God having a face! Shamoun wants
to deceive the readers just because certain Muslim scholars decided not to
translate the Arabic word wajh as “face”. The
correct translation is “face” or “presence”.
Figurative expressions in the Bible:
And the LORD was
with Judah;
and he drave out the
inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the
valley, because they had chariots of iron. (Judges 1:19)
In that day the Lord will use a razor hired from beyond the River —the king of Assyria—to shave your head and the hair of your legs, and to take off your beards also.
(Isaiah 7:20)
The LORD shall go forth as a mighty
man, he shall stir up
jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar;
he shall prevail against his enemies. (Isaiah 42:13).
NOTE: God is called a “man of war” and “mighty
man”, yet these titles are applied to humans (Isaiah 3:2).
And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and
rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth
from mount Paran, and he
came with ten thousands of saints:
from his right hand went a fiery law for them. (Deuteronomy 33:2)
According to the Bible, God never changes (Mal 3:6), no one
can see Him (Ex. 33:20), the earth is too small (2 Chron.
6:18), He is unique (Isaiah 46:9). All of these passages disprove the Christian
conception of God.
God in
the Bible and the Quran
A Biblical Picture of God
Let The Bible Speak
The Arm of the Lord
The Bible refers to God by addressing His right arm.
Awake, awake! Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in days gone by, as in
generations of old. Was it not you who cut Rahab to
pieces, who pierced that monster through? (Isaiah 51:9)
Who has believed our message and to whom has the arm of the LORD been
revealed? (Isaiah 53:1)
Surely the arm of the LORD is not too short to save, nor his ear too
dull to hear. (Isaiah 59:1)
None of these passages are literal. The “arm” signifies His
power.
The Right Hand of God
Like your name, O God, your praise reaches to the ends
of the earth; your right hand
is filled with righteousness. (Psalms 48:10)
After the Lord Jesus had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and he sat
at the right hand of God. (Mark 16:19)
So I reflected on all this and concluded that the righteous and the wise and what they do are in God's hands, but no man knows whether love or hate awaits him. (Ecclesiastes 9:1)
The expression “right arm” signifies the power of God.
The
Feet of God
Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy
elders of Israel
went up and saw the God of Israel. Under
his feet was something like a
pavement made of sapphire, clear as the sky itself. But God did not raise
his hand against these leaders of the Israelites; they saw God, and they ate
and drank. (Exodus 24:9-11)
Smoke rose from his nostrils; consuming fire came
from his mouth, burning coals blazed out of it. He parted the heavens and came
down; dark clouds were under his feet. He
mounted the cherubim and flew; he soared on the wings of the wind. (2 Samuels
22:9-11)
The LORD is slow to anger and great in power; the LORD will not leave the
guilty unpunished. His way is in the whirlwind and the storm, and clouds are
the dust of his feet.
(Nahum 1:3)
Are these figurative expressions? The Bible has corrupted
the pure image of God! Yet the Quran never depicts God in human form.
On the Day when their tongues, their hands, and
their feet will bear witness against them as to their actions.
(Al-Quran 24:24)
That Day shall We
set a seal on their mouths. But their hands will speak to us, and
their feet bear witness, to all that they did. (Al-Quran 36:65)
And the Unbelievers will say:
"Our Lord! Show us those, among Jinns and men,
who misled us: We shall crush them beneath our feet, so that they become the
vilest (before all)." (Al-Quran 41:29)
(For) the sinners will be known by
their marks: and they will be seized by their forelocks and their feet. (Al-Quran
55:41)
There is not a single passage in the Quran that applies feet to God!
HE WROTE:
The "location" of Allah is another problematic issue and provides
examples of differences between translations:
Surah al-Mulk (67:16)
|
Pickthall
|
Yusuf
Ali
|
Hilali-Khan
|
Shakir
|
Arberry
|
|
Have ye taken security from Him Who is IN the heaven
…
|
Do ye feel secure that He Who is IN heaven …
|
Do you feel secure that He, Who is OVER the heaven
(Allah), …
|
Are you secure of THOSE IN the heaven …
|
Do you feel secure that He who is IN heaven …
|
RESPONSE:
The above translations are merely a choice
of words, it doesn’t matter where God dwells. None of these passages are
relevant, God exists all around us. We don’t need an English translation to
distort the Arabic text.
The Bible and Quran agree that God is everywhere:
Acknowledge and take to heart this
day that the LORD is God IN heaven above and on the earth
below. There is no other. (Deuteronomy 4:39)
It was We Who created man, and We know what dark suggestions his soul makes to him: for We are nearer to him than (his) jugular
vein. (Al-Quran 50:16)
Regarding the words “in” and “above”, the correct translation is Yusuf Ali that God resides in Heaven, but He also exists
above Heaven. God is omnipresent
by His wisdom and power, knowledge and love.
There is no escaping God’s grasp; there is no escaping His vision.
We can apply Shamoun’s argument to
his own Bible.
When we heard of it, our hearts
melted and everyone's courage failed because of you, for the LORD your God is God IN heaven above and on the
earth below. (Joshua 2:11)
Be exalted, O God, ABOVE the heavens, and let your glory be over all the earth. (Psalms
108:5)
It doesn’t matter whether God resides in Heaven or above.
The Prophet Muhammad said the believers will see God, which is the greatest
reward!
In Jannah,
the believers will be able to see Allah for the first time, where they will be
able to take the blessing of seeing Allah. There are over 40 different names of
Jannah that each describe a
different level of Jannah. [1]
The Quran and Bible are very specific that God is unseen.
No one has ever seen God;
but if we love one another, God lives in us and his love is made complete in
us. (1 John 4:12)
O ye who believe! Allah doth but
make a trial of you in a little matter of game well within reach of your hands
and your lances, that He may test who feareth him unseen: any who transgress thereafter, will
have a grievous penalty. (Al-Quran 5:94)
In conclusion, God is above the Heavens and below, He is everywhere:
Acknowledge and take to heart this
day that the LORD is God IN heaven above and on the earth
below. There is no other. (Deuteronomy 4:39)
HE WROTE:
Three of these five versions translate these verses in line with what the
Arabic literally says, i.e. that Allah is in heaven, whereas Shakir’s version implies that the texts are actually
speaking about all those who reside in heaven (presumably the angels). The Hilali and Khan duo, since they are Salafi Muslims and
therefore of those who believe that Allah actually has a form, clearly had a
problem with Allah being IN heaven since their theology demands that he is
literally OVER or ABOVE it. As the Salafi scholars at www.Islamqa.com
write:
One of the things concerning which there is no
doubt is that the Throne is above the seventh heaven; indeed it is the highest
of all created things… It is affirmed by all the Muslims that Paradise is above
the seventh heaven, so if the Throne is above Paradise,
then the Throne must also be above the seventh heaven. (Question #47048: Is
the Throne above the seventh heaven?; online
source)
RESPONSE:
We have already dealt with Shamoun’s
deception. There are seven Heavens, and God is present in ALL seven Heavens by
His power and wisdom. There is no escaping God’s presence.
Allah. There is no god but He,-the Living, the
Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor
sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can
intercede in His presence except as He permitteth? He
knoweth what (appeareth to
His creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass aught
of His knowledge except as He willeth. His throne doth extend over the heavens and
the earth,
and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving
them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory). (Al-Quran 2:225)
The Quran is clear that God’s throne is above the Heavens.
In contrast, the Bible says God’s throne is located in Heaven:
The LORD hath prepared his throne in the heavens; and his kingdom ruleth over
all. (Psalms 103:19)
We have such an high priest, who is set on the right
hand of the throne of the
Majesty in the heavens; (Hebrews 8:1)
Regardless of whether God resides in Heaven or above, God is
everywhere by His knowledge.
The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD's throne is in heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men.
(Psalms 11:4)
The LORD is God in heaven above and on
the earth below. There is no other. (Deuteronomy 4:39)
This should explain everything! And it doesn’t matter what
the Salafi Muslims believe, if they say that Allah exists above Heaven, they
are directed by the Quran (2:225).
HE WROTE:
There is actually support for this view from the so-called sound hadiths:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Whoever believes in Allah and His Apostle, offer prayer
perfectly and fasts the month of Ramadan, will rightfully be granted Paradise
by Allah, no matter whether he fights in Allah's Cause or remains in the land
where he is born." The people said, "O Allah's Apostle! Shall we
acquaint the people with the is good news?" He
said, "Paradise has one-hundred grades
which Allah has reserved for the Mujahidin who fight
in His Cause, and the distance between each of two grades is like the distance
between the Heaven and the Earth. So, when you ask Allah (for something), ask
for Al-Firdaus which is the best and highest part of Paradise." (i.e. The
sub-narrator added, "I think the Prophet also said, ‘ABOVE IT (i.e.
Al-Firdaus) is the Throne of Beneficent (i.e. Allah),
and from it originate the rivers of Paradise.")
(Sahih al-Bukhari,
Volume 4, Book 52, Number
48)
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Whoever believes in Allah and His Apostle offers
prayers perfectly and fasts (the month of) Ramadan then it is incumbent upon
Allah to admit him into Paradise, whether he
emigrates for Allah's cause or stays in the land where he was born." They
(the companions of the Prophet) said, "O Allah's Apostle! Should we not
inform the people of that?" He said, "There are one-hundred degrees
in Paradise which Allah has prepared for those
who carry on Jihad in His Cause. The distance between every two degrees is like
the distance between the sky and the Earth, so if you ask Allah for anything,
ask Him for the Firdaus, for it is the last
part of Paradise and the highest part of Parad
RESPONSE:
The Holy Prophet speaks the truth.
Even the Bible agrees that God is above Paradise:
Thus saith the LORD, The heaven
is my throne, and the earth
is my footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and
where is the place of my rest? (Isaiah 66:1)
But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne: (Matthew 5:34)
The Bible and Quran agree with each other, God exists above Heaven, but He
is present everywhere.
HE WROTE:
And here is what renowned Sunni commentator Ibn Kathir wrote regarding Surah
36:38:
There are two views over the meaning of the phrase ...
<on its fixed
course for a term (appointed).> (The first view) is that it refers to its
fixed course of location, which is beneath the Throne, BEYOND the earth in that
direction. Wherever it goes, it is beneath the Throne, it and all of
creation, because the Throne is the ROOF of creation and it is not a sphere
as many astronomers claim. Rather it is A DOME SUPPORTED BY LEGS OR
PILLARS, CARRIED BY THE ANGELS, and it is ABOVE the universe, ABOVE the heads
of people. When the sun is at its zenith at noon, it is in its closest
position to the Throne, and when it runs in its fourth orbit at the
opposite point to its zenith, at midnight, it is in its furthest position
from the Throne. At that point it prostrates and asks permission to
rise, as mentioned in the Hadiths.
RESPONSE:
The infidel Shamoun has a problem with angels carrying the throne. Yet,
Jesus himself needs to be carried by angels:
"If you are the Son of God," he said,
"throw yourself down. For it is written: " 'He
will command his angels concerning you, and
they will lift you up in their
hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.' " (Matthew 4:6)
But I, when
I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to myself." He said
this to show the kind of death he was going to die. (John 12:32-33)
Jesus does not have the power to raise himself to Heaven.
Regarding the above Hadith, the angels are the
servants of God, they carry out His commands.
Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon
him) has informed us that these imperceptible spiritual beings, whom people
believe to be deities of gods or God’s children, are really His angels. They have no share in God’s divinity; they cannot deviate from His commands even
by the slightest fraction of an inch. God employs them to administer His
Kingdom, and they carry out His orders exactly and accurately. They have no
authority to do anything of their own accord; they cannot present to God any
scheme conceived by themselves, they are not even authorised
to intercede with God for any man. (Abdul Ala Mawdudi,
Towards Understanding Islam, p. 73)
HE WROTE:
(The second view) is that this refers to when the sun's appointed time comes
to an end, which will be on the Day of Resurrection, when its fixed
course will be abolished, it will come to a halt and it will be rolled up.
This world will come to an end, and that will be the end of its appointed time.
This is the fixed course of its time ... (Tafsir
Ibn Kathir Abridged, Volume
8 Surat Al-Ahzab, Verse 51
to the end of Surat Ad-Dukhan,
abridged by a group of scholars under the supervision of Shaykh
Safiur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri
[Darussalam Publishers & Distributors, Riyadh, Houston, New York, London,
Lahore; September 2000, first edition], pp. 196-197; bold and capital emphasis
ours)
Apart from the fact that this understanding presupposes a flat earth, the
reader should be able to see the dilemma that these narrations pose for Salafi
theology… how can Allah be IN heaven when certain narrations clearly say he is
ABOVE it? Thus, is it any wonder that Hilali-Khan
would manipulate the translation of the Arabic texts of the Quran in order to
make it agree with their theology?
RESPONSE:
The commentary of Ibn Kathri
is not divine.
The Bible presents a flat earth [1] [2].
Yet the Holy Quran presents a round earth [1] [2]. Once
again, the Bible and Quran say that God exists “in” Heaven and above it.
HE WROTE:
Not all Muslims take Surah 67:16-17 in such a
literalistic manner. The late Muhammad Asad presents
the other position when he says in reference to Surah
67:16 that:
15 This expression is, of course, purely
metaphorical since God is limitless in space as well as in time. Its use here
is apparently meant to stress the unfathomable quality of His existence
and power, which penetrates, and reveals itself in, every aspect of His cosmic
creativeness, symbolized in the term "heaven". (Source)
RESPONSE:
This is exactly what I’ve been arguing, God exists above the Heavens (Quran
2:225), and spiritually dwells on earth (Deu. 4:39).
The above commentary is genuine and acceptable.
HE WROTE:
Whatever the case may be, however one decides to understand these Quranic statements, one fact stands out clearly: The
theology of the Muslim translator will have a direct bearing on how the Arabic
text of the Quran will be translated in a target language. In some cases the
theology of the translators causes them to even distort what the actual Arabic
Quran says.
RESPONSE:
While the English Bible is sacred to Christians, the Holy Quran is the Word of
God in Arabic alone. There exists only ONE Quran but multiple Bible versions.
The NIV (1973) and KJV (1611) are based on different text-types. The Bibles
contradict each other because they follow different readings 1.
The Holy Quran is preserved and fully intact, the English translators may vary,
but doesn’t mean the Arabic text changes. The English translations of the Quran
are a choice of words. Yet, there are
so many versions of the Bible!
http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Bible/Text/BibleTex.html
http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Bible/Text/textcriticism.html
http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Bible/Text/Mss/textype.html#byzan
http://answering-islam.com/abdullah_smith/shamoun_lied_on_bible_preservation.htm
http://answering-islam.com/abdullah_smith/false_jesus_of_christianity.htm
http://answering-islam.com/quran.htm
Furthermore, the scholar John Mill collected over 30,000 variant readings in
the Gospel of Luke.
... Mill's
monumental work came under fire from the controversial writer, Dr. Daniel Whitby, Rector of St. Edmund's, Salisbury. Alarmed by the great number of
variant readings which Mill had collected - some 30,000 in all - Whitby argued that the authority of the holy Scriptures was
in peril, and that the assembling of the critical evidence tantamount to
tampering with the text. [1]
There are conflicting canons of the Bible; the Protestant Bible is rejected
by the Catholics and vice versa. The New Testament is divided into four
text-types, and this explains the contradictions. [*] [*] [*] [*]
EXAMPLE #1
"If anyone comes to me and does not hate his
father and mother, his wife and children, his brothers and sisters—yes, even
his own life—he cannot be my disciple. (Luke 14:26)
These words are softened in other Bible versions:
"Anyone who comes to me but refuses to let go
of father, mother, spouse, children, brothers, sisters--yes, even one's own
self!-can't be my disciple. (The Message, Luke 14:26)
"If you want to be my follower you must love
me more than your own father and mother, wife and children, brothers and
sisters--yes, more than your own life. Otherwise, you cannot be my disciple. (New
Living Translation, Luke 14:26)
EXAMPLE # 2
Paul degraded Jesus in the following verses:
Therefore let us leave the elementary doctrine of
Christ and go on to maturity, not
laying again a foundation of repentance from dead works and of faith toward God
(Hebrews 6:1, English Standard Version)
Therefore, leaving the discussion of the elementary principles of Christ, let us go on to perfection, not
laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works and of faith toward
God (Hebrews 6:1, New King James Version)
Paul said that Christ was not perfect, his teachings should be discarded,
because according to Paul, they are like ‘filthy rags’ (Isaiah 64:6) and we
must excel towards “perfection and maturity”. The deceptive editors changed the
English translation of Paul’s damaging words. This outrageous statement has
been softened in many other versions of the Bible:
So let us stop going over the
basics of Christianity again and again. Let us go on instead and become mature
in our understanding. Surely we don't need to start all over again with the
importance of turning away from evil deeds and placing our faith in God. (Hebrews
5:7. New Living Translation)
We
must try to become mature and start thinking about more than just the basic
things we were taught about Christ. We shouldn't need to keep talking about why
we ought to turn from deeds that bring death and why we ought to have faith in
God. (Hebrews 5:7, Contemporary English Version)
According to the Jesus Seminar, the Logia (words) of Jesus have been
altered:
"Hard sayings are frequently softened in
the process of transmission to adapt them to the conditions of daily
living...Variations in difficult saying often betray the struggle of the early
Christian community to interpret or adapt sayings to its own situations...
Matthew's version of the aphorism "The last will
be first and the first last"(Matt 20:16)
is softened in Mark 10:31 to "MANY of the first will be last, and of the last MANY
will be first"." (The Five Gospels: What Did Jesus Really Say? The Search for the
AUTHENTIC Words of Jesus, p. 295)
There is naturally much more manuscript variation
in the gospel sayings than in the narrative sections, since it was the
sayings that were repeatedly reinterpreted. Such variants are to be
expected in any text which existed only as different manuscripts for many
hundreds of years before it could be printed in the form of thousands of
identical copies; for every single manuscript is the artifact of an individual
scribe, who could introduce errors or what he—or his patron or his particular
religious community—took for improvements. (G.A. Wells, The Jesus Myth, p. 4)
The New American Bible tells us in its
introduction, under the heading How to Read Your Bible:
“It is difficult to know
whether the words or sayings attributed to Jesus are written exactly as he
spoke them. (St. Joseph Medium Size Edition, p.23)
Questions for Shamoun:
(1) Can you tell us why the editors changed the Bible?
“The number of deliberate alterations made in the
interests of doctrine is difficult to assess.” [Bruce M. Metzger's
"The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration",
1964]
"Many thousands of the variants which are
found in the MSS of the NT were put there deliberately. They
are not merely the result of error or of careless handling of the text. Many
were created for theological or dogmatic reasons (even though they may not
affect the substance of Christian dogma). It is because the books of the NT are
religious books, sacred books, canonical books, that
they were changed to conform to what the copyist believed to be the true
reading. [George Arthur Buttrick (Ed.), The Interpreter's Dictionary Of The Bible, Volume 4, 1962
(1996 Print), Abingdon Press, Nashville,
pp. 594-595 (Under Text, NT).]
It is well known that the primitive Christian
Gospel was initially transmitted by word of mouth and that this oral tradition
resulted in variant reporting of word and deed. It is equally true that when
the Christian record was later committed to writing it continued to be the
subject of verbal variation, involuntary and intentional, at the hands
of scribes and editors (Peake’s Commentary on the
Bible, p. 633)
Some of the events in the early mission of
Jesus] were not strictly true but were added to the story of Jesus by
the early Christians to express their faith in him as a Messiah."
[London Daily Mail, page 12, 15/July/1984]
(2) Why did the Bible editors soften Luke 14:26 if they were not offended? Why
did they soften Hebrews 6:1?
"Hard sayings are frequently softened in
the process of transmission to adapt them to the conditions of daily living
(The Five Gospels, p. 295)
“The Bible can be changed at any time by the
Christian leaders. For example, in the early days, it was altered by copyists
and today there is a revised version.” (A.D. Ajijola,
The Myth of the Cross)
(3) Why did the early Christians fail to preserve the sayings of Jesus? The
Church leader Tertullian testifies about the Gospel being corrupted:
You have now our answer to the
Antitheses compendiously indicated by us. I pass on to give a proof of the
Gospel--not, to be sure, of Jewry, but of Pontus--having become meanwhile
adulterated; and this shall indicate the order by which we proceed. (Against
Marcion, Book IV, chapter 2)
(4) Do you know Jesus was misunderstood by his own disciples? (Matthew 15:17,
16:9, 11, Luke 18:34, John 12:16)
Jesus deliberately spoke in a manner no one
could understand:
"Though I have been speaking figuratively,
a time is coming when I will no longer use this kind of language but will tell
you plainly about my Father. (John 16:25)
We challenge infidel Shamoun to answer these questions!
Rebuttals, and exposing the lies of the Answering Islam
team section.
Rebuttals to Sam Shamoun's Articles section.
Contradictions and Errors in the Bible.
Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) section.
Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) in Islam.
Articles by Abdullah Smith.
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