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Rising Restrictions on Religion

One-third of the world's population experiences an increase

Government Restrictions Index

The following table shows all 198 countries and territories in descending order of their scores on the Pew Forum’s index of social hostilities involving religion as of mid-2009. The Pew Forum has not attached numerical rankings to the countries because there are numerous tie scores and the differences between the scores of countries that are close to each other on this table are not necessarily meaningful. This is particularly the case at the low end of the scale: The range of scores among the 40 countries in the Very High (top 5%) and high (next 15%) categories is greater than the range of scores among the 115 countries in the Low (bottom 60%) category.


Very High
top 5% of scores 

Scores from 7.2 to 8.3    
Egypt  ChinaEritrea
IranMaldivesIndonesia
Saudi ArabiaMalaysia   
UzbekistanBurma (Myanmar) 

High
Next 15% of scores 

Scores from 4.7 to 7.1    
PakistanYemen  Azerbaijan
Algeria  AfghanistanIraq
Tajikistan  BruneiBangladesh
TurkmenistanLaosWestern Sahara
RussiaSudanBulgaria
Syria  TunisiaOman
Libya KuwaitMoldova
BelarusSomalia* Bhutan
TurkeyMoroccoQatar  
MauritaniaIndiaIsrael
VietnamJordan 

Moderate
Next 20% of scores 

Scores from 2.5 to 4.6    
KazakhstanComorosTanzania
Kyrgyzstan  MexicoGeorgia
SingaporeChadTuvalu
ArmeniaThailandUnited Kingdom
FranceBelgiumSlovakia
United Arab EmiratesZimbabweVenezuela
Greece AustriaCambodia
CubaUganda  Denmark
Serbia  Palestinian territories**Monaco
BahrainKenyaCosta Rica
NigeriaCentral African RepublicLebanon
RomaniaAngola 
Sri LankaEthiopia 
NepalGermany 

Low
Bottom 60% of scores 

Scores from 0.0 to 2.4   
RwandaChileNetherlands
MongoliaSouth KoreaHaiti
UkraineSeychellesCameroon
LithuaniaIrelandLuxembourg
KazakhstanNepalEthiopia
LatviaMaltaAndorra
ItalyMauritiusDominican Republic
Hong Kong  MontenegroBotswana
MadagascarAntigua and BarbudaMali
Ivory CoastDjiboutiSamoa
ArgentinaSwitzerlandGhana
IcelandPapua New GuineaSolomon Islands
Northern CyprusFinlandFiji
CroatiaRepublic of Macedonia  Hungary
ColombiaNauru  Taiwan
CyprusGambiaAustralia
KosovoNicaragua  Lesotho
NigerPolandRepublic of Congo
MacauSloveniaSt. Vincent and the Grenadines
Bosnia-HerzegovinaEcuadorGuyana
HondurasJamaicaLiberia
Equatorial Guinea  PhilippinesPortugal
PeruBrazilSt. Kitts and Nevis
Czech RepublicSouth AfricaGrenada
SwazilandDominicaPalau
TongaTogo  Suriname
SwedenMozambiqueSuriname
BahamasEstoniaNew Zealand
United StatesSt. LuciaJapan
ZambiaVanuatuBenin
SpainTrinidad and TobagoGuinea Bissau  
CanadaSenegalCape Verde
ParaguayPanamaMarshall Islands
NorwayGuatemalaNamibia
LiechtensteinBelizeFederated States of Micronesia
CongoBurkina FasoTimor-Leste  
GuineaKiribatiBurundi
GabonBoliviaSao Tome and Principe
El SalvadorBarbadosSan Marino
AlbaniaMalawiSierra Leone

Footnotes: 

Denotes a substantial increase from mid-2006 to mid-2009.

Denotes a substantial decrease from mid-2006 to mid-2009.

NOTE: The number of countries in each percentile range may be slightly more or less than the actual percentage because of tie scores. Substantial increase or decrease is defined as a change of at least 1.5 standard deviations above or below the mean amount of change among all 198 countries on each index. The change also had to be in the same direction over the periods studied. (See Methodology for more details.)

North Korea: The sources clearly indicate that the government of North Korea is among the most repressive in the world with respect to religion as well as other civil liberties. But because North Korean society is effectively closed to outsiders, the sources are unable to provide the kind of specific and timely information that the Pew Forum coded in this quantitative study. Therefore, the report does not include a score for North Korea on either index.

* Somalia: The level of government restrictions in Somalia is difficult to assess due to the lack of a functioning national government; the social hostilities index may be a more reliable indicator of the situation in Somalia.

** Palestinian Territories: The Palestinian territories’ score on government restrictions reflects the policies of the Palestinian Authority government (headed by Mahmoud Abbas and headquartered in the West Bank) rather than the actions of Hamas in Gaza (which is not recognized by most of the sources for this report as a legitimate government).

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