回族佛教 发表于 2014-7-14 14:43:45

最全的葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照表(初学者必备)

最全的葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照表(初学者必备)第一部分 葡萄酒分类   Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒   Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒   Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒   Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒   Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒   Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒   Still wine:静止葡萄酒   Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒   Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)   Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒   Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒   Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒   Brut wine:天然葡萄酒   Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒   Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒   Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒   Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒   Champagne:香槟酒   Vermouth:味美思   Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒   Mistelle:密甜尔   Wine Cooler:清爽酒   Cider:苹果酒   Brandy:白兰地   Fruit brandy:水果白兰地   Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地   Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地   Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒   Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)   Rum:朗姆酒   Cocktail:鸡尾酒   Vodka:伏特加   Whisky:威士忌   Spirit:酒精,烈酒   Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)   Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)   Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)   Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)   BDX:波尔多红酒   第二部分 酿酒微生物   Yeast:酵母   Wild yeast:野生酵母   Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮   Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母   Bacteria:细菌   Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌   Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌   Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌   Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母   第三部分 生理生化过程   Transpiration:蒸腾作用   Evaporation:蒸发   Photosynthesis:光合作用   Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应   Veraison:转色期   Saturation:饱和   Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵   Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞   Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵   Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵   Heterofermentation:异型发酵   Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵   Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵   Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法   Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵   Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵   Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法   Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法   Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法   Charmat method:罐式香槟法   Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变   Acetification:酸败   Ageing:陈酿   Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿   Esterify:酯化   Saccharify:糖化   Liquefy: 溶解、液化   Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿   Amelioration:原料改良   Chaptalization:加糖   Distillation:蒸馏   Fractional Distillation:分馏   Rectification:精馏   Clarification:澄清   第四部分 葡萄酒酿酒辅料   Betonite:膨润土(皂土)   Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土   Capsule:胶帽   Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔   Pigment:颜料、色素   Casein:酪蛋白   Pectin:果胶酶   Silica gel:硅胶   Gelatin:明胶   Isinglass:鱼胶   Egg white:蛋清   Albumen:蛋白   Blood powder:血粉   第五部分 理化指标   Total acid:总酸   Titrable acid:滴定酸   Residul sugar:残糖   Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳   Sugar-free extract:干浸出物   Volatile acid:挥发酸   Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫   Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫   Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫   Copper(Cu):铜   Iron(Fe):铁   Potassium:钾(K)   Calcium(Ca):钙   Sodium(Na):钠   第六部分 物质名词   Methanol:甲醇   High Alcohol:高级醇   Polyalcohol:多元醇   Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯   Flavonol:黄酮醇   Glycine:甘油   Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙   Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素   Butanol:丁醇   Isobutanol:正丁醇   Gastric Acid:胃酸   Propanone:丙酮   Acetic Acid:乙酸   Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸   Phospholipids:磷脂   Amino Acid:氨基酸   Fatty Acid:脂肪酸   Carbonic Acid:碳酸   Carbohydrate:碳水化合物   Fixed Acid:固定酸   Tartaric Acid:酒石酸   Malic Acid:苹果酸   Citric Acid:柠檬酸   Lactic Acid:乳酸   Succinic Acid:琥珀酸   Sorbic acid:山梨酸   Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸   Benzyl acid:苯甲酸   Gallic acid:没食子酸   Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸   Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸   Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖   Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖   Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖   Polysaccharides:水解多糖   Starch :淀粉   Amylase:淀粉酶   Foam:泡沫   Protein:蛋白质   Mercaptan:硫醇   Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)   Ammonium Salt:铵盐   Melanoidinen:类黑精   Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇   Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜   Copper sulphate:硫酸铜   Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢   Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)   Catechins:儿茶酚   Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值   Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应   Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚   Vanillan:香子兰   Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素   Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇   Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇   Pyranic acid:丙酮酸   Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛   Eugenol:丁香酚   Guaiacol:愈创木酚   Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物   Cellulose:纤维素   Hemicellulose:半纤维素   Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶   Maltol:落叶松皮素   Oak Lactone:橡木内酯   Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁   Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁   Proanthocyanidin:原花色素   Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性   Lagic Acid:鞣花酸   Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮   Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位   Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚   Poly-phenols:多酚   PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮   Anthocyanin:花青素   Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇   Invert Sugar 转化糖   Oxygen:氧气   Ester:酯类物质   Nitrogen:氮气   Aroma:果香   Virus:病毒   Bacteriophage:噬菌体   Body:酒体   Byproduct:副产物   Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾   Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾   Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵   Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾   Tannin:单宁   Oak tannins:橡木丹宁   Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁   Desired tannins:优质单宁   Enzyme:酶   Laccase:漆酶   Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶   β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶   β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶   Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白   Lees:酒泥   Chateau:酒庄   Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒   Hygiene:卫生   Activated carbon:活性碳   Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干   Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子 葡萄酒价格网www.mgwine.net整理   第七部分:设备   Filtrate(filtration):过滤   Two-way Pump:双向泵   Screw Pump:螺杆泵   Centrifuge:离心机   Distillation:蒸馏   Heat Exchanger:热交换器   Crusher:破碎机   Destemer:除梗机   Presser:压榨机   Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机   Screw Presser:连续压榨机   Filter:过滤机   Bottling Line:灌装线   Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)   Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)   Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)   Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)   Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)   Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)   Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)   Rotary Machine:转瓶机   Pomace Draining:出渣   Blending:调配   Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)   Decanting:倒灌(瓶)   Remuage:吐渣   Fining:下胶   Deacidification:降酸   Pump over:循环   Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)   Mix colors:调色   Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法   Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法   Stabilization:稳定性   Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)   Headspace:顶空   NTU:浊度   Receiving bin:接收槽   Corkscrew:开瓶器   Distilling Column:蒸馏塔   Condenser:冷凝器   Heat Exchanger:热交换器   Cork:软木塞   Cellar:酒窖   Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室   Optical Density(OD):光密度   Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖   Blanket:隔氧层   Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法   第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药   Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃   Graft:嫁接苗   Scion:接穗   Seedling:自根苗   Disease:病害   Botrytis:灰霉病   Downy Mildew:霜霉病   Powdery Mildew:白粉病   Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病   Anthracnose:炭疽病   Mild Powder:灰腐病   Black Rotten:黑腐病   Noble rot:贵腐病   Pearls:皮尔斯病   Phylloxera:根瘤蚜   Nematode:线虫   Bird Damage:鸟害   Pest:昆虫   Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂   Nursery:营养钵   Herbicide:除草剂   Pesticide:杀虫剂   Fungicide:真菌剂   Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液   Microclimate:微气候   Variety:品种   Cluster:果穗   Rachis:穗轴   Scion:接穗   Rootstock:砧木   Grafting:嫁接   第九部分: 学科名词   Enology:葡萄酒酿造学   Pomology:果树学   Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法   Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造   Ampelography:葡萄品种学   Viniculture:葡萄栽培学   Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学   Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师   Vintage:年份   Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)   MOG(material other than grapes):杂物   Terpene:萜烯   Terpenol:萜烯醇   第十部分 葡萄酒等级   法国:   A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒   V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒   V.D.P:地区餐酒   V.D.T:日常餐酒   德国:   1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;  2. Landwein:地区餐酒;  3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;  4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。  QmP级别内根据葡萄不同的成熟度,还可以细分为6个等级:  1. Kabinett:珍藏  2. Spatlese:晚收  3. Auslese:精选  4. Beerenauslese:简称BA,颗粒精选  5. Trockenbeerenauslese:简称TBA,用深度贵腐的葡萄酿成,葡萄大概要失去95%的水分,酿成的酒也最甜。TBA等级的葡萄酒有的时候就如同蜂蜜那么浓稠,由于产量很少所以价格通常很高。  6. Eiswein:冰酒,是用冰冻的葡萄酿造的酒。   第十一部分 葡萄分类及部分品种   一、葡萄分类   Vitaceae:葡萄科   Vine:葡萄树   American Vine:美洲种葡萄   Franco-american:欧美杂交种   Hybrid:杂交品种   Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄   Cultivar:栽培品种   Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄   Table Grape:鲜食葡萄   Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄   Grape(Vine) Variety:葡萄品种   二、红葡萄品种:   Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠   Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠   Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠   Carignan:佳利酿   Sinsaut(France) :神索   Gamay(France) :佳美   Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜   Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄   Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多   Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺   Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳   Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞   Syrah(France) :西拉   Zinfandel(America) :增芳德   Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香   Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜   三、白葡萄品种:   Aligote(France) :阿里高特   Chardonney(France) :霞多丽   Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南   Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆   Italian Riesling:贵人香   Grey Risling:灰雷司令   White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令   Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒   Muscat Blanc:白麝香   Pinot Blanc(France:)白品乐   Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思   Selillon(France) :赛美蓉   Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼   Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓   Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔   Colombard(France) :鸽笼白   Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼   Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽   四、染色品种:   Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞   Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73   Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74   第十二部分 葡萄酒品尝   Taste:品尝   Clarity:清澈、透明   Transparent:透明的   Sensation;感觉   Bitter Flavors:苦味   Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味   Stemmy:果梗味   Reduction Smell:还原味   Oxidative Smell:氧化味   Harmony:协调性   Odour:气味   Olfactory:嗅觉的   Scent:植物香气   Aroma:果香   Bouquet:酒香   Body:酒体   Perception:感觉   Amber:琥珀色的   Ruby:宝石红色   Tawny:黄褐色   Violet:紫罗兰色   Pink:紫红色   Brown:褐色的   Round:圆润的   Full:完整的、丰满的   Harmonious:协调的   Supple:柔顺的   Soft:柔软的   Smooth:平滑的   Mellower:醇美的   Lively:充满活力的   Rich:饱满的,馥郁的   Fine:细腻的   Fresh:清新的   Well-balanced:平衡良好的   Subtle: 微妙的, 精细的   Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的   Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的   Flowery:花香的   Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的   Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的   Luscious:甘美的、芬芳的   Tranquil:恬静的   Spicy:辛辣的   Tart:尖酸的   Harsh,Hard:粗糙的   Lighter:清淡的、轻盈的   Thin:单薄的   Flat:平淡的   Unbalanced:不平衡的   Spoiled,Unsound:败坏的   Fuller:浓郁的   Vinous:酒香的   Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的   Piquant:开胃的、辛辣的   Tart:尖酸的、刻薄的   Astringent:收敛的、苦涩的   Conflict:不和谐的   Stale:走味的,沉滞的   Dull:呆滞的、无活力的   Sulphur Taste:硫味   Hydrogen Sulphide odour:硫化氢味   Taste of Lees:酒泥味   Mousiness:鼠臭味   Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky:木塞味   ouldy Taste,Musty Taste:霉味   Cooked Taste:老化味   Resinous:树脂味   Casky (Woody )Taste:橡木味,木味   Smoke Taste:烟熏味   Metallic Flavour:金属味   Earthy Taste:泥土味   Herbaceous Taste:青草味   After Taste:后味   第十三部分 葡萄酒欣赏与服务   Wine Bar:酒吧   Sommelier:斟酒服务员   Label:酒标   Water Jar:斟酒壶   Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗   Decanter:细颈玻璃壶   Beverage:饮料   Soft Drink:软饮料   Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶   Palate:味觉、鉴赏力   Bouquet:香味   Ice-Bucket:冰桶   Fruity:果味的   Subside:沉淀物   第十四部分 葡萄酒营养物质名词   Nutrition:营养素   Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮   Sterol:甾醇   Vitamin:维生素   Tocopherol:VE,生育酚   Thiamine:VB1,硫胺素   Flavin:黄素   Riboflavin:VB2,核黄素   Nicotinic Acid:烟酸   第十五部分 葡萄酒分析   Determination:检测   Titration:滴定   Dilute:稀释   Litmus Paper:石蕊试纸   Reagent:试剂   Goggle:护目镜   Flask:烧瓶   Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)   Distilled Water:蒸馏水   Hydrometer:液体比重计   Refractometer:手持糖量仪   High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):高效液相色谱  Paper Chromatography:纸层析法   Specific Gravity:比重   Sodium Hydroxide:氢氧化钠(NaOH)   Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾   Phenolphthalein:酚酞   Pipette:移液管   Erlenmeyer Flask:锥形烧瓶   Activated Charcoal:活性碳   Whatman Filter Paper:沃特曼滤纸   PH-meter:PH计   Titration End-point:滴定终点   Buffer Solution:缓冲液   Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate:酒石酸氢钾   Calibrate:校准   Electrode:电极   Starch Indicator:淀粉指示剂   Sulphuric Acid:硫酸   Pyrex Beaker:耐热烧杯   Potassium Iodide:碘化钾(KI)   Sodium Thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO3)   Hydrogen Peroxide:过氧化氢(H2O2)   Orthophosphoric Acid:正磷酸   Methyl-red:甲基红   Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter):酒精计   Thermometer:温度计   Pycnometer:比重瓶   Formic Acid:甲酸(蚁酸)   Sodium Formate:甲酸钠   Bromophenol Blue:溴酚蓝   Agar Plating:琼脂平板培养基   Chocolate Agar:巧克力琼脂   Corn Meal Agar:玉米粉琼脂   Egg Albumin Agar:卵蛋白琼脂   Glycerin Agar:甘油琼脂   Malt Agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)   Nutrient Agar:营养琼脂   Plain Agar:普通琼脂   Starch Agar:淀粉琼脂   Potato-dextrose Agar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基   Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅   Petri Dishes:灭菌盘   Low-magnification Microscope:低倍显微镜   Micro-loop:接种环   Micro-needle:接种针   Alcohol Lamp:酒精灯   第十六部分 葡萄酒病害   Copper Casse:铜破败病   Ferric Casse:铁破败病   Proteinic Casse:蛋白质破败病   Blue Casse:蓝色破败病   White Casse:白色破败病   Oxidasic Casse:氧化酶破败病   Micobial Disease:细菌病害 Mannitic Disease:甘露醇病本文由葡萄酒价格网原创,南方玛歌打造法国红酒批发销售第一品牌,转载请注明出自:http://www.mgwine.net/

回族佛教 发表于 2014-7-15 19:01:45

Cheers to That! 7 Unexpected Benefits of Red WineKicking back with a glass of red wine is a great way to wind down after a long day. Researchers have long touted vino’s heart healthy value, but what if I told you there are several other health benefits to sipping on red wine every now and again? Here are 7 other benefits of red wine that you probably didn’t know about.1. Protects your smile.
When it comes to red wine and your teeth, it has been labeled as a big fat stainer, which can be true. However, evidence shows that wine also protects your teeth from bacteria. Proanthocyanidins (flavonoids with antioxidants) in red wine help prevent bacteria from sticking to your pearly whites, thus preventing cavities and plaque buildup. Now, that’s a reason to smile.2. Aids digestion.
A glass of red wine with your meal may do more than just ease conversation. Polyphenols in wine help your gut lessen the harmful effects of certain chemicals before they are distributed throughout the rest of your system. They also tell the body to release nitric oxide, which relaxes (stretches) the walls of your stomach as it fills with food, helps counteract effects of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and improves digestion.3. Whittle your waistline.
Red wine not only helps make you feel more satisfied and suppress your appetite (so you eat less), but studies say it also can halt the growth of fat cells through a substance called piceatannol. Basically, the substance stops the fat cells from fully forming or maturing into full-blown fat. The result? A lesser chance of becoming obese.4. Strengthen your bones.
Recent studies show that moderately consuming red wine helps maintain strong, healthy bones. This connection is especially evident in the case of postmenopausal women. Stronger bones mean a lesser chance of developing osteoporosis. However, it’s a balance; over-consumption has the reverse effect and can make bones weaker and more brittle. Remember: moderation is key!5. Fight a cold.
It’s true: the high levels of antioxidant-rich polyphenols impede the multiplication of viruses once they’re in your system. It also helps lower your susceptibility to flu and cold viruses in the first place. According to a study in Spain, individuals who drank two or more glasses a day had a 44% lower incidence of colds than non-drinkers.6. Prevent cancer.
Perhaps some of the most exciting research reveals red wine’s cancer-fighting powers, thanks to the presence of polyphenols (especially resveratrol). Polyphenols, found in grapes, have some incredible antioxidant attributes that include protection from the free radicals that damage cells and DNA and lead to cancer. In particular, resveratrol has proven to impede the growth of cancer cells and incidence of tumors in studies with animals. Researchers are hoping to use this knowledge in future cancer prevention and treatment.7. Live longer.
Not only does resveratrol potentially prevent cancer, it might also fight aging. In a fascinating new study on worms, resveratrol was shown to extend lifespan by 60%! It accomplishes this by both preventing disease (such as cancer, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes) and by triggering the so-called “longevitygene” (SIRT1) which further boosts overall health and wellness. Scientists have high hopes for the future of resveratrol in extending human lifespan and vitality.These are just six of the benefits of red wine—there is other research that suggests it helps lower cholesterol, prevent the onset of dementia, and even promote better lung function. Just remember that these health returns are reaped from moderate consumption (aim for around 1 glass a night for women, 1-2 for men) and that extreme consumption actually reverses many of these benefits.As long as you keep this in mind, sit back, relax, and keep on pouring!
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