Al-Kadhi's opener for this chapter is simply the following quote:

The Jews and Christians say: We are the sons of Allah and His loved ones. Say: Why then does He punish you for your sins? Nay, you are but mortals of His creating. He forgives whom He will, and punishes whom He will. Allah's is the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, and unto Him is the journeying. The noble Qur'an, Al-Nissa (5):18

As it is written, "To those who received Him He gave the right to become children of God." Paul says in his address on Mars Hill, "We are all God's children." So why is there punishment for wrongdoing among such elect? We read in the Bible that a father disciplines every son whom he loves.

Solomon said to punish your child in order to save his life. Mistakes are costly, but training (including chastisement) will mend a wayward child's ways.

Even Jesus learned obedience from the things He suffered. Whether being punishable for sins is evidence of mortality, I do not venture to comment, but we by grace can escape even punishment because Jesus suffered on our behalf. All may enter into His presence by faith in the Son who came from above.

As John Bunyan said,

Run, run the Law commands, But gives me neither feet nor hands; 'Tis better news the gospel brings: It bids me fly; it gives me wings.