The Reasoning Page

This resource began with links gathered from Peter Suber's Guide to Philosophy on the Internet (no longer updated), Episteme Links, and Dey Alexander's Philosophy in Cyberspace. The listing of course syllabi was begun from Andrew Carpenter's Course Materials in Philosophy page (disappeared, for some reason), and the World Lecture Hall philosophy page. Entries that have a * are particularly useful.

Bruce B. Janz
Last Updated: 16 October 2007

Argumentation/Critical Thinking/Informal Logic

• Argument Clinic
• Ariadne's Thread: Experiments in Critical Thinking -- arguments on contemporary ethical issues
• Abductive Inference in Reasoning and Perception
• Chains of Reason - wiki
• Constructing a Logical Argument -- from AtheistWeb
• Critical Thinking Core Concepts
• Critical Thinking & Disinformation Links -- Humboldt State University Library
• *Critical Thinking on the Web
• Fallacies Leading to Assumptions of Common Sense -- Matthew Westra
• "Informal Logic" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Logical Paradoxes
• Mission: Critical -- interactive critical thinking tutorial, from San Jose State University
• *Peter Suber's Course-Related Links for Real World Reasoning -- some great links here.
• Practical Skepticism
• *Propoganda Analysis Home Page -- Aaron Delwiche
• Propoganda Techniques: Logical Fallacies
• Questioning.org
• Statistics Every Writer Should Know.
• Think.ws. Intellectual technology to solve problems created by governmental / organizational technology.
• Thinking Critically: A Tutorial -- Resource to accompany Invitation to Critical Thinking, 4th edition, by Joel Rudinow and Vincent E. Barry. Password required.

Critical Thinking Resources, Handouts, Class Notes, etc.

• Avoiding Common Errors in Logic and Reasoning -- a writer's guide
• Categorical Syllogisms -- Michael Lynch
• The Clinical Attitude Toward Arguments -- Peter Suber
• Critical Thinking Is. . .
• Evaluating Statistical and Causal Arguments -- Michael Connelly
• Explicating Arguments -- Peter Suber
• Fallacies -- Barry Edward
• Fallacies -- The Nizkor Project
• The Fallacy Files
• Flow Chart for Argument Analysis -- Michael Connelly
• Flow Chart for Evaluating Conceptual Premises -- Michael Connelly
• Flow Chart for Evaluating Empirical Premises -- Michael Connelly
• Flow Chart for Analyzing Arguments by Analogy -- Michael Connelly
• Good Arguments and Logical Fallacies
• Informal Fallacies I -- Michael Lynch
• Informal Fallacies II -- Michael Lynch
• Informal Fallacies III -- Michael Lynch
• Informal Fallacies Handout -- Charles Ess, Drury College
• Informal Fallacies -- Michael Connelly
• Identifying the argument of an essay -- Frank Edler
• Logic/Critical Thinking Class Notes, Section 1 -- Michael Connelly
• Logic/Critical Thinking Class Notes, Section 2 -- Michael Connelly
• The One-Sided Fallacy -- Peter Suber
• Reason and Argument -- lecture notes by Richard Feldman
• Reasoning and Pseudo-Reasoning: Some examples -- Michael Lynch
• Sample Exam, Philosophy 200 -- Michael Connelly
• Where Do You Go From Here? -- Peter Suber

Critical Thinking Journals

• Informal Logic
• Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines
• Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children

Critical Thinking Papers & Books

• Adler, Mortimer, "Critical Thinking Programs -- Why They Won't Work"

Critical Thinking Syllabi

• *Critical Reasoning and Argument, Thomas Bridges
• Critical Reasoning -- Thomas Hyde
• Critical Thinking, Robert Mutti, San Francisco State
• Critical Thinking, David Peterson
• Honors Rhetoric, Frank Williams, Eastern Kentucky U.
• Informal Logic and Critical Thinking, Rob Loftis, Northwestern U
• Introduction to Logic: Critical Thinking, Michael Lynch
• Introduction to Philosophy: Logic and Reasoning, Jennifer Case, Kalamazoo College
• Introducing Philosophy: Logic and Critical Thinking, Ron Barnette, Valdosta State
• Logic and Critical Thinking -- Chris Beukman -- with some lecture notes
• Logic and Critical Thinking, Michael Connelly
• Logic & Inquiry, Diane Bowser, Clarion U. and Art Institute of Pittsburgh
• Real World Reasoning: Informal Logic for College, Peter Suber, Earlham College

Critical Thinking Associations, Centres, etc.

For skeptics' societies see below, under "Critical Thinking as Skepticism"

• The Centre for Critical Thinking, Sonoma State University
• Institute for Critical Thinking
• International Society for the Study of Argumentation
• Ohio Centre for Critical Thinking Instruction
• UMass-Boston's Graduate Program in Creative and Critical Thinking

Conferences

• 20th International Conference on Critical Thinking and Education Reform -- from the Centre for Critical Thinking
• Critical Thinking and the Bible in the Age of New Media

Useful Tools for Critical Thinking

• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Onelook Dictionary
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Think-L -- an email discussion list focussed on critical thinking

Critical Thinking as Skepticism

• A Skeptical Manifesto
• BadAstronomy.com
• Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
• The Center for Inquiry-West
• The Fine Art of Baloney Detection by Carl Sagan
• Frequently Questioned Answers
• James Randi Educational Foundation
• Ontario Skeptics Society for Critical Inquiry
• SKEPTIC Bibliography / Home Page
• Skeptic News
• The Skeptical Gourmet
• The Skeptic's Dictionary
• Skeptics Society
• Sources of Skeptical Information on the Internet

• Advances in Modal Logic
• Australian Logic Home Page
• Automated Reasoning Project
• Fuzzy Logic FAQ
• Glossary of First-order Logic -- Peter Suber
• Linear Logic
• Logic -- Garth Kemerling
• Logic Eprints -- logic papers online
• Logic Group Preprint Series -- logic papers online
• The Logic Home Page -- Luciano Floridi
• Logic Section at Paidea: The 20th World Congress of Philosophy
• *The Logic Server -- Chris Gottshall
• Logic Teaching Aids
• Logical Systems: Course Related Links -- Peter Suber
• Mathematical Logic Around the World
• Paul Wong's Logic Page
• Quadralay's Fuzzy Logic Archive
• Trivalent Logic (Michael Campbell)

Formal Reasoning Software and Tools

• Aristotelean Logic - syllogism tool
• Bertrand -- Logic software for Macintosh computers
• Christian Gottschall's Gateway to Logic -- logic software
• DC Proof
• Deriver - logic software (Martin Frické)
• Logic Calculators
• The Logic Daemon -- checks validity of formal proofs
• Logic Toolbox, John Saetti

Formal Reasoning Resources, Handouts, etc.

• Daily Translation -- logic examples taken from the daily newspaper. Archive of past examples as well.
• Introduction to Logic for Liberal Arts and Business Majors
• Logicians Notebook -- Charles Ess, Drury College
• The Logic Quizmaster -- Colin Allen & Christopher Menzel
• Handouts on Logical Systems -- Peter Suber
• Introduction to Logic -- Ed Teall. Online/paper textbook
• Propositional Logic I -- Michael Lynch
• Propositional Logic II -- Michael Lynch
• Symbolic Logic Handouts -- Peter Suber
• Truth Tables for Complex Statements -- Michael Connelly
• Truth Tables for Compound Statements -- Michael Connelly

Formal Reasoning Journals

• Annals of Pure and Applied Logic
• ACM Transactions on Computational Logic
• Algebra and Logic
• algebra universalis
• Archive for Mathematical Logic
• Argumentation
• Association for Symbolic Logic Newsletter
• Bulletin of Symbolic Logic
• From the Logical Point of View
• Fuzzy Sets and Systems
• History and Philosophy of Logic
• Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics
• Journal of Automated Reasoning
• Journal of the Interest Group on Pure and Applied Logics
• Journal of Logic and Computation
• Journal of Logic, Language, and Information
• Journal of Philosophical Logic
• Journal of Symbolic Logic
• Logic Journal of the Interest Group in Pure Logic
• Logical Analysis and History of Philosophy/Philosophiegeschichte und logische Analyse
• Mathematical Logic Quarterly
• Modern Logic
• Multiple-Valued Logic: An International Journal
• Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic
• Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic
• Reports on Mathematical Logic
• Studia Logica

Formal Reasoning Syllabi

• Advanced Formal Logic, Rob Loftis, Northwestern U.
• Elementary Formal Logic, Rob Loftis, Northwestern U.
• Formal Logic, R. Bombardi. Middle Tennessee State U
• Gödel´s Incompleteness Theorems, Rob Loftis, Northwestern U.
• Honors Rhetoric, Frank Williams, Eastern Kentucky U.
• Intermediate Formal Logic, Rob Loftis, Northwestern U.
• Introducing Philosophy: Logic and Critical Thinking, Ron Barnette, Valdosta State
• Introduction to Logic, John Saetti
• Introduction to Logic, Rudy Garnes
• Logic, Richard Lee, U. Arkansas
• Logic and Scientific Reasoning, Robert C. Koons
• Logic Courses -- several courses by Selmer Bringsjord
• Logic, Probability, and Decision-Making, Josh Jorgensen
• Logic, Sets, and Functions, Robert Koons
• Logical and Critical Thinking, Andrew Ward, San Jose State
• Logical Systems, Peter Suber, Earlham College
• Symbolic Logic, Frank Williams, Eastern Kentucky U.
• Symbolic Logic, Peter Suber, Earlham College

Formal Reasoning Associations, Centres, etc.

• Association for Symbolic Logic
• British Logic Colloquium
• FoLLI: the European Association for Logic, Language and Information
• Kurt Goedel Society
• Interest Group in Pure and Applied Logics
• Research Groups in Logic and Theoretical Computer Science

• 12th Century Logic Homepage
• History and Philosophy of Logic (journal)
• Mediaeval Logic and Philosophy

• Bibliography for Rhetoric and Professional Communication
• The Forest of Rhetoric (silva rhetoricae) -- classical rhetorical terms
• Rhetnet -- Rhetoric and Writing
• Rhetorical Studies, Theory, and Philosophy (U. of Iowa)

Rhetoric Resources, Handouts, etc.

• Glossary of Literary Terms and Handbook of Rhetorical Devices
• Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples

Rhetoric Syllabi

Journals

• Philosophy and Rhetoric
• Rhetorica
• Transcultural Rhetoric

Creative Thinking

• Brainstorming.co.uk
• Innovation House
• Odyssey of the Mind Creativity Site

Puzzles, Examples, etc.

• Conceptis Puzzles
• Home Page for Thought Experiments
• Logic Puzzles
• Mathematics & Problem Solving -- examples to download
• Paradoxes
• Paradoxes
• The Ultimate Puzzle Site
• Zeno's Coffeehouse -- puzzles and contests

Logic and Reasoning in Computing, Technology & Science

• Closedminded Science -- lots of links on skepticism and dissent in science
• Compulog Net -- Links on computational logic
• Critical Literacy: The WWW's Great Potential -- paper
• Critical Resources in Teaching with Technology
• Critical Thinking in an On-line World
• The Decline of Reason? -- Jere H. Lipps
• The Diagrammatic Reasoning Site
• Turing Test -- Lots of links on the famous test proposed by Alan Turing

Logic and Reasoning in the Social World

• Errors and Biases in Reasoning -- from a psychology course by G. Fong
• Psychoanalytic and Scientific Reasoning -- G. Watkins
• Try The Prisoner's Dilemma online

Logic and Reasoning in the Academic World

• Critical Thinking
• Trying to Understand the Program of Educational Reform through Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines -- Andrew Chrucky
• Critical Thinking Core Concepts -- from "Critical Thinking Across the Curriculum"
• Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines

Reasoning in the Arts

• Museums that have critical thinking components & resources

Reasoning in the Media

• Adcritic.com
• Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR)
• Opinion Pages

Reasoning in Politics and Public Affairs

• Analysis for Bias -- critique of Pat Robertson

Reasoning in the Professions

Education (K-12)

• Big6 Matrix: Information Literacy Standards
• Critical Thinking in the Classroom
• Detective Fiction: Focus on Critical Thinking -- New Haven Teacher's Institute
• Educational Standards and Curriculum Frameworks for Reasoning and Thinking
• Inquiry and Problem Solving -- for math and science teachers
• Linguistics Olympics -- problem solving using language for secondary school students

Law

• LSAT Intelligent Solutions -- sample tests and logical puzzles as used on the law school admittance test. Logical reasoning tutorial here.
• Legal Reasoning

Medicine

• MCAT Sample Tests

Reasoning Outside of Western Contexts

• Asian Philosophy and Critical Thinking: Divergence or Convergence? -- Soraj Hongladarom
• Critical Thinking Education Faces the Challenge of Japan -- Bruce W. Davidson