A Topical Study of the Qur'an

From a Christian Perspective

Author

M. J. Fisher, M.Div.

Foreword

Robert C. Douglas, Ph.D.

Editor

Jochen Katz

Twenty-two topical chapters create a quick reference guide.

Each verse is paraphrased for enhanced understanding.

Biblical comparisons and Islamic history complete the study.

All rights to this book belong to the author by copyright.

The author has given permission for this book to be accessed, copied, shared, quoted and used free of charge as long as no part of the text is changed or misrepresented in any way and proper credit is given to the book when it is copied or quoted. To insure that your copy is an original, download it from the book's official website, www.answering-islam.org/Authors/Fisher/Topical/.

Since this is an E-Book, it will be regularly edited and improved.

Update your copy regularly to make sure you have the latest version.

Last updated: 1 May 2006. [Download the latest version as a zipfile.]

Both Muslims and non-Muslims are welcome to submit their comments, questions or corrections to the author. This assistance is appreciated.

Send your feedback to: author_rev_fisher@yahoo.com

To my wife

About the Author

Rev. M. J. Fisher has been involved in a service ministry to Muslims for decades. He has tested his understanding of the Qur'an through hundreds of personal discussions with Muslims. He has also participated in public dialogues on Christianity and Islam. He has compared the teaching of the Bible and the Qur'an in various churches and Christian conferences. His education includes a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Divinity degree.

Foreword

Robert C. Douglas Ph.D.

The challenge which Islam presents to the Christian community is enormous, one worthy of our best response in faith and love. But to provide that kind of response Christians need to do all they can to understand Islam. The Qur'an, Islam's holy book, stands at the heart of Muslim faith and practice. Understanding begins here. The Qur'an is a document that presents Muslims and non-Muslims with a host of perplexities.

According to Muslim tradition it must be read in Arabic if one wants to experience the real message it contains. But Qur'anic Arabic is a difficult language, even for native born Arabic speakers. Then there is the problem of how the Qur'an was put together. It is neither chronological nor topical. Verses jump from one subject to another with what appears to be little rhyme or reason. The end result for the non-professional is confusion, frustration and discouragement. Help of a practical kind is needed.

A Topical Study of the Qur'an from a Christian Perspective is a resource which provides this kind of help. I have known the author for many years. He is a man of integrity whose book is a noble and successful effort at sorting through the mass of Qur'an material and organizing it in a usable way. He is an ordained minister who comes at his task with a deep personal interest in Muslims. He has attempted to minister to them in a variety of settings for decades. His is an effort of love borne of a personal desire to understand. The spirit he brings to his task is open and caring.

His book collects Qur'anic material under a variety of headings; it is the result of his efforts over a number of years to draw Qur'anic verses together around subjects of concern to western readers. His translation of the Qur'an is simple, readable and has been tested again and again with Arabic speaking Muslims. No doubt some Muslims will object to his selection of topics and his rendition of specific verses. This is no surprise as the most devout reject any effort at translation of any kind!

For those who are English speakers and who want to look into the heart of Muslim thought, this book offers a great beginning place. Hopefully, the author's conscientious efforts will give non-Muslims a basis for judging more accurately what Islam stands for.

Dr. Robert C. Douglas served as a missionary for twelve years in Libya, Egypt and Lebanon. While in Beirut he founded and directed the Middle East Bible Training College. He has presented the gospel in numerous Christian-Muslim Dialogues. For eight years he was the Executive Director of the Zwemer Institute of Muslim Studies. In addition to years of pastoral work, he has taught at Fuller Theological Seminary and Pepperdine University. He currently is the Professor of Intercultural Studies at the Lincoln Christian Seminary and continues to lead training seminars helping Christians understand Islam. He earned a B.A. in Greek and M.A. in New Testament from Abilene Christian University, M.A. in Missiology from Fuller Theological Seminary and a Ph.D. in Religion (social Ethics) from the University of Southern California.

INTRODUCTION

In the wake of the 9-11 attacks on the United States of America by Islamic terrorists, interest by non-Muslims in the teachings of the Qur'an continues to grow. However understanding an English translation of the Arabic Qur'an is often frustrating. For a person trying to comprehend the Qur'an there are three barriers to overcome. These barriers block understanding the Qur'an resulting in heated debates on the central beliefs of Islam and how it relates to Christianity. The purpose of this book is to take the mystery out of a study of the Qur'an for non-Muslims and provide a Christian comparison of the Qur'an and the Bible.

People debate the meaning of the Qur'an on television talk shows as well as at the corner coffee shop. World leaders cannot cite clear evidence whether the Qur'an teaches peace or demands a holy war. Neighbors disagree whether Mohammed is comparable with Jesus. One thinks that both were great religious leaders who taught goodness and morality while the other believes Mohammed was a false prophet who lived an immoral life and founded a frightening religion. Neither can support their views with verses from the Qur'an because their understanding of the Qur'an is hindered in three ways.

The first is a barrier of confusion resulting from the fact that the Qur'an rarely offers a topical presentation of teachings. In the Qur'an, most chapters sporadically change topics in a disjointed manner. This was the first obstacle I decided to tackle as I began my examination of Islamic beliefs. I began my study of Islam with a Penguin Classics' translation entitled The Koran authored by an Iraqi named N. J. Dawood (1). As I read, I put symbols in the margins to identify the subject of each passage so I could return and categorize them by topics. I discussed my findings with hundreds of Muslims in meetings as well as through individual dialogues. My work has culminated in this book, which arranges the teachings of the Qur'an topically. At a glance you can discover what the Qur'an teaches on subjects ranging from warfare to marriage. There is a great amount of repetition in the Qur'an so I would often choose one verse to represent many verses that taught the same thing.

Actually, there is some repetition in this book also and for good reason. In order for this text to be a quick reference for those who might want to use it to investigate a single topic, there are instances in which I have repeated Qur'an verses in more than one chapter. This is because a single verse can relate to several different categories. For the same reason, I have repeated some historical or theological information in the various chapter introductions that relate to more than one topical study.

The second barrier hinders comprehension of English translations of the Qur'an, because they are mostly written in an antiquated style and not easy to read. To solve this problem, I paraphrased each passage into contemporary English. Actually, a translation of any document is a paraphrase to some extent, but this book amplifies the meaning of the Qur'an verses to enhance the reader's understanding. For example, an Islamic translation of the Qur'an's chapter 10 verse 94 (10:94) reads as follows; 'If thou wert in doubt as to what we have revealed unto thee, then ask those who have been reading the book from before thee (2).' The meaning of that same verse is unveiled by my paraphrased version which reads, 'If you (Mohammed) doubt the reliability of the Qur'an, you should ask those who are reading the Bible, which was revealed prior to your life (10:94).' To be a reliable paraphrased translation, great care must be given to a correct understanding of the passage.

To ensure the most objective and accurate interpretation of the Qur'an, I used five different translations to cross-reference the verses. This was sometimes a challenge since the verse numbering systems of various versions of the Qur'an are slightly different. Decades of dialogue with Arabic speaking individuals, about verse interpretation, was helpful as well. By these means, an honest attempt was made to translate correctly while paraphrasing the Qur'an verses in modern English.

The third barrier is censorship, which takes two forms. Some Islamic promotional materials selectively collect and present only the attractive verses arranged by subjects, such as faith, prayer and charity. Other passages are left out which are controversial or offensive to non-Muslims, such as those on the subject of holy war, the command to beat rebellious women or the ownership of slaves. Since I wanted to offer you a complete presentation of what the Qur'an teaches, no subject was intentionally omitted.

Censorship takes another form in many of the English translations of the Qur'an. Some translators attempt to make the Qur'an more acceptable to western readers by their choice of words. For example, some translate violent verses like 'fight for Islam' as 'strive for Islam' or unscientific sounding verses like 'Allah leveled the earth flat' as 'Allah spread out the earth.' To ensure that the word usage in this book reflected the true meaning of the passage, the verses were not only studied in context but in comparison with other verses on the same topic.

Even with all this care, I am sure I have made mistakes. I invite your help. This is an E-book which will continue to be revised and improved. Many of those improvements will be made in response to your feedback. Please send your comments to my E-mail address: author_rev_fisher@yahoo.com. I use a pseudonym (a 'pen name'). You are welcome to do the same.

What does the Qur'an actually teach and how does it compare with the Bible? What do Muslims' believe? What is at the heart of the Islamic faith? Now more than ever before, it is important for all non-Muslims to know the answers to these questions. With this topical, paraphrased and uncensored presentation of the teachings of the Qur'an, conclusions are left up to the reader.

Muslims themselves may find this book enlightening. My focus on non-Muslims is not meant to exclude them from benefiting from this study. Of course, I would invite feedback from Muslims, as well, who read this work and wish to comment.

1. The Koran, Translated by N. J. Dawood, Penguin Classics, London, England. 1956 ISBN #0-14-044052-6

2. The Holy Qur'an English Translation of the Meanings of the Qur'an with Notes, Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Copyright 1992, H&C International, PO Box 51841, Indianapolis, IN 46251, USA, p.158

Table of Contents

- A Topical Study of the Qur'an

- Foreword

- INTRODUCTION

- Chapter One History of Mohammed and the Qur'an

- Chapter Two Christianity and Islam

- Chapter Three Warfare and Peace

- Chapter Four Status of Women

- Chapter Five Marriage and Divorce

- Chapter Six Mohammed

- Chapter Seven Creation and Science

- Chapter Eight Judgment Day

- Chapter Nine Paradise

- Chapter Ten Hell

- Chapter Eleven Salvation

- Chapter Twelve Free Will - Predestination

- Chapter Thirteen Human Characteristics Ascribed to Allah

- Chapter Fourteen Bible Characters in the Qur'an

- Chapter Fifteen Unusual Tales

- Chapter Sixteen Islamic Law

- Chapter Seventeen The Qur'an

- Chapter Eighteen The Holy Bible

- Chapter Nineteen Counterfeit Verses

- Chapter Twenty Christians

- Chapter Twenty-one Jesus Christ

- Chapter Twenty-two The Jews

- Chapter Twenty-three Criminal Punishments

- Chapter Twenty-four Predicted World Events

Chapter One

History of Mohammed and the Qur'an

Tragic Childhood

Mohammed's early life in the Arabian Peninsula is a story of tragedy and struggle. He was born around AD 570. His father, Abd-Allah, died before he was born. Allah was a part of his father's name because that was the name of the primary deity of his clan. Amina, Mohammed's mother, followed an old Arab custom of giving the infant to a Bedouin woman to be nursed for a significant period of time. When he was six years old, his mother died. To be an orphan in sixth century Mecca was a sad situation. Abu-Talib, the head of the impoverished Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe and Mohammed's uncle, was given charge of the boy. He grew up in the midst of violent conflicts between individuals and tribes.

Marriage Marred by Death

One of the ways a person in Mohammed's position could gain wealth and power would be to marry well. A forty-year-old businesswoman named Khadijah decided to marry the twenty-five-year-old Mohammed if he proved himself responsible by acting as her agent on a caravan to Syria. She had been married twice before. Until her death, Khadijah was Mohammed's only wife. They raised four daughters but their two sons died in infancy. In spite of his influential wife, Mohammed struggled to gain respect from the merchants in Mecca who excluded him from their inner circle. It is possible that this is one factor that led him to seek spiritual help.

Religious Quest

Mohammed found the Arabian religious life more troubling than helpful. The Christians of the Roman and Byzantine empires dominated much of the world and had gained converts in Arabia. Even Khadijah's cousin, Waraqah, had become a Christian. There were also wealthy Jewish tribes in the Arabian Peninsula, yet the main religion of the country and the faith of Mohammed's tribe was idol worship.

Mecca was the center of this polytheistic religion of which Mohammed belonged. These pagans prayed by facing Mecca. They traveled to Mecca for annual pilgrimages. There they would enter an arena (Masjid) where they circled around an ancient stone building 45 feet high, 33 feet wide, and 50 feet long, called the Kaaba, which was filled with idols. A black stone could be seen from the outside of the Kaaba like a cornerstone. The stone or meteorite was kissed in veneration. About one mile away from the Kaaba, at the Wadi Mina, the pilgrims threw rocks at a pillar that represented the devil. They believed in a lunar month of fasting and giving alms to the poor.

When Mohammed seized control of Mecca, he destroyed all the idols inside the Kaaba, except the revered black stone. However, he preserved each of these pagan practices and today they remain a significant part of the Islamic monotheistic rituals. This certainly made conversion to Islam easier for the people of Mohammed's day. Many of today's Muslims, though, have trouble following these rituals while still keeping pace with a highly technological society. The vast majority of Muslims also live far from Saudi Arabia where they must go for their pilgrimage, which becomes a great financial burden to them.

The Qur'an

Mohammed's distressing situation culminated in reported spiritual experiences. For reasons of his own, Mohammed began to meditate in wilderness caves. He claimed that it was during one of these times that he was visited by a spiritual being which commanded him to recite a few sentences. Later, Mohammed believed he was being demon possessed and tried to kill himself but then again claimed to be rescued by another spiritual appearance, which assured him of his prophethood.

According to Muslim history, Mohammed continued to receive messages. He recited them to his followers who wrote them on any objects available such as rocks or bones. These messages came as Mohammed had episodes in which he would seem to have seizures. In the midst of these spells, Mohammed spoke as if Allah were speaking instead of him. He claimed that his spiritual guide, whom he later identified as the angel Gabriel, funneled messages through his poetic revelations. The Qur'an makes it clear that most Christians and Jews of that time believed this behavior to be either insanity or demonic. At first the sayings were short, but later in his life they became quite lengthy.

Decade of Rejection

The Qur'an has a certain poetic quality which Muslims believe is miraculously beautiful. Even so, the vast majority of Mohammed's contemporaries did not believe Mohammed's verses to be extraordinary since the Arabian Peninsula was famous for its many poets and mystic seers. This fact is attested to in the Qur'an itself.

Aside from the writing style, the content of the message was offensive to the idol worshipers of Mecca. Mohammed was reciting verses that announced that Allah was the one and only deity. His message condemned idol worship, upon which the Meccan economy relied.

As a result, Mohammed gained a very small following in the first ten years of his self-proclaimed prophethood. Even his tribe turned against him which was unheard of in an age when clan loyalty was the foundation of the culture.

When Mohammed sought to transfer his movement to a town called At-Taif the leaders ended the negotiations with such strong opposition that they encouraged the residents of the community to throw stones at Mohammed as he retreated.

Holy War

The Meccans were plotting to take Mohammed's life so relocation to a different place was essential. Negotiations with the town of Medina went much better than those at At-Taif. Medina was a prosperous agricultural center that struggled with tribal friction. Some in Medina hoped that the presence of the Muslims would bring a spiritual sense of peace and Mohammed was invited to come as an arbitrator of disputes. Just before the Meccans tried to execute their plan to kill Mohammed, he and his small group of believers fled to Medina where his community of followers began to grow in influence and power. The first day of this move was July 1, AD 622. Muslims cite this date as the first day of the Islamic calendar.

Shortly after the migration, the Islamic religion turned to violence as a means of dealing with their enemies. Mohammed proclaimed verses that allowed Muslims to fight for Islam. They began by targeting the Meccans. The Muslims raided caravans in the name of Allah, which eventually led to formal battles between them and the armed forces of Mecca. The fighting expanded to include those who supported Mecca. The Muslims began to acquire riches in the way of spoils of war.

The Muslims were experiencing success. The fact that they were now a military force unified their ranks and increased their membership. The Muslim's influence over the tribes of Medina grew as their enemies began to fear them.

For example, there were three Jewish tribes in Medina. All three rejected Mohammed as a genuine prophet in the tradition of the Biblical prophets. This must have been a great disappointment to Mohammed as the Qur'an claims to be an extension of the Bible. There is no evidence that they took military action against the Muslims, but Mohammed attacked them one at a time. The first two, Banu Qaynuqah and Nadir, were forced into exile. The Islamic forces confiscated their homes, lands and rich orchards. The last remaining Jewish tribe in Medina was the Banu Qurayzah. Mohammed's forces surrounded the Banu Qurayzah. The siege was a success. Upon surrendering all of their weapons they received a sentence which was severe even for those times. The Muslims executed all the Jewish men, somewhere between 600 and 900, and their women and children became the slaves of their Muslim conquerors or were sold. Mohammed was in charge of distributing their riches. Mohammed also took one of their widows, Rayhana, whose husband had just been executed, to be his concubine.

The soldiers of Mecca met the Muslim forces in battles at Badr and Uhud. At the Battle of Uhud in AD 625, Mohammed himself was wounded in the head so severely that a mistaken cry went out that he was dead. The battle was a draw, but for the Muslims to have faced the Meccans and survived was, in a sense, some kind of victory.

Eventually, Muslim forces became strong enough that Mecca agreed to a peace treaty with Mohammed called the treaty of 'Al-Hudaybiyah' in March AD 628. It was to have insured peace for ten years. The mistake the Meccans made in the treaty was to allow Mohammed the freedom to attack neighboring tribes who were not protected by the truce. Mohammed also allowed raids to continue on Meccan caravans by groups whom he claimed were not members of his forces. They were allegedly operating beyond Mohammed's control.

The Treaty was broken only two years after it was ratified. There are differing reasons for how the truce was ended, but the outcome is history. Mohammed claimed that the Al-Hudaybiyah Peace Treaty had been broken by the Meccans. His Islamic forces invaded and conquered Mecca in January AD 630.

Following Mohammed's death, the Islamic military victories in northern Africa, Europe and the Middle East certainly added to the spread of the religion as did international trade with Asian countries. The Muslim's use of violence against their enemies, as a part of their religious duty called 'jihad' or 'holy war,' is still widely practiced around the world into the new millennium for self-defense and to enhance Islamic power and influence. The question Muslims face is how and when jihad should be practiced.

Mohammed's Success

Mohammed had tremendous wealth and power at the age of sixty. His rise to prominence in Medina and the Muslim's eventual victory over Mecca brought Mohammed into complete control over an expanding domain. He was revered as the voice of Allah. He controlled the fate and property of those who opposed Islam. Many Jewish and Christian communities were allowed some freedom of worship as long as they paid taxes to Mohammed, submitted to Islamic tyranny and stopped sharing their faith in order to evangelize others.

The respect given to him was so great that even to this day his opinions on rules for conduct, dress, daily habits and even beard style are held as examples to follow around the world. Mohammed's opinions and the history of his rise to power are recorded in writings called the 'hadith'. The Hadith is not one volume but rather a large number of texts compiled several hundred years after the time of Mohammed. The most respected of these is the collection called 'Sahih Al-Bukhari.' It details the rules Mohammed gave for daily life, boasts of Mohammed's exploits and offers the faithful Muslim a guide for daily life.

For one who had to prove himself worthy to marry a wealthy widow, Mohammed now had numerous female relationships. Following the death of Khadijah, Mohammed had approximately sixteen wives plus slave girls who were captured in battle. Upon his death Mohammed had nine wives still living and two slave girls. Two of his more controversial marriages were to Ayisha and Zainab. Ayisha was wed to Mohammed when she was only six years old with the marriage being consummated when she was still playing with toys at the age of nine. At the time, Mohammed was fifty-three years old. Zainab was his adopted son's ex-wife. Muslim history seems clear that Zainab was divorced because Mohammed desired his son's bride.

Criticisms of Mohammed's behavior were often countered by Mohammed's proclamations of Qur'an verses. In this way, it was as if Allah defended Mohammed's conduct. Verses were also spoken by Mohammed to instruct his wives and the general public on how they must behave towards him. Muslims believe these commands and all of the verses spoken by Mohammed were collected in the text of the Qur'an.

The Qur'an Becomes a Book

Shortly after Mohammed's death, his verses remained written on stones, bones, leather, and hidden in the memories of his followers. Years passed and most of those, who claimed to remember all of the Qur'an by heart, were killed in battle. Some of the items on which verses were written were damaged or lost. So with great urgency experts shared what they remembered and gathered the verses recorded by others to produce the first Qur'ans. They were copied and distributed throughout the Islamic communities.

Muslims today are committed to the idea that there was one original Qur'an which was compiled without any mistakes, omissions or additions. Yet, Islamic history shows that perhaps four to seven different versions of the Qur'an emerged. One of Mohammed's successors, Caliph Uthman, was shocked by this fact. He assigned a committee of three people to construct a standardized version of the Qur'an. Then Muslim leaders tried to burn all other versions of the Qur'an (Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 6, p. 479).

The most respected Hadith records that even Uthman's standardized copy had to be corrected. One of the committee members, Zaid, related how they realized that a verse was missing. They searched and found it with a man named Khuzaima-bin-Thabit al Ansari. Tradition says that the passage which was added to the standardized version is found in chapter thirty-three, verse twenty-three of the modern Qur'an (Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 6, p. 479). Even with the addition of that passage, there are less reliable Islamic traditions which report that verses were left out of the Uthman standardized Qur'an. It was reported that Mohammed recited verses for the Qur'an that commanded stoning of adulterers (Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasulullah, p. 684). This teaching is not found in the Qur'an today.

The possibility of missing verses, which command stoning of adulterers, is supported by Islamic practice. From the very foundation of Islam, adulterers have always been stoned, yet Uthman's standardized Qur'an demands that adulterers be whipped with one hundred lashes (24:2).

The vast majority of Muslims are strongly offended by scholars who suggest that the Qur'an was edited, changed or was in any way different from the original pronouncements of Allah through Mohammed. They believe that the burned Qur'ans had only minor differences and that the standard copy, blessed by Caliph Uthman, was made by devout followers of Mohammed who had memorized the verses with unerring perfection. They would reject the traditions that imply any deficiencies in the Qur'an as unreliable Islamic history. They revere the Qur'an as the perfect word of Allah and resist critical scholarly inquiry into imperfections in the text.

Attributes of the Qur'an

The physical characteristics of the Qur'an are interesting. It is a book that is somewhat shorter than the Christian New Testament. Its chapters were not arranged in the sequence that they were spoken, but by size with most of the largest chapters first and the shortest last. For this reason, it has no chronology of events or ideas. The Koran, published by Penguin Classics, attempts to correct this by rearranging the chapters according to when they might have been recited by Mohammed.

Following the train of thought within a chapter is a challenge. The subject within a chapter and even a verse may change to different topics with no transition. This is why a topical study, like the one in this book, is so important.

When Mohammed spoke the verses, he did not use the first person singular as in 'I say that you must believe.' He spoke as if he were relaying a message from Allah, transmitted by an angel, who was supposed to have spoken in the first person plural: 'We created the world and we command the people to believe in you (Mohammed) as a prophet,' for example. Muslims do not believe that the use of 'we' for Allah is a contradiction of the oneness of Allah.

Mohammed spoke Arabic which is the language of the Qur'an. Even Muslims who do not understand the language are instructed to memorize the Qur'an in Arabic. They do this because they believe that the Qur'an stops being the true Qur'an when it is translated into another language losing the true meaning in the process.

Teachings of the Qur'an

A few themes repeat themselves often in the Qur'an. The foremost are the commands to believe in Allah's oneness as opposed to idolatry and Mohammed's validity as a prophet equal to Biblical prophets. In support of these beliefs, the Qur'an repeats the wonders of creation, the foolishness of idol worship, the terrors of Judgment Day and the alleged confirmation from the Bible.

The word 'alleged' is used in reference to the Qur'an's link with the Bible for a good reason. When the Jews and Christians of the time heard the Qur'an's references to the Bible, they recognized two problems. They found many strange tales being portrayed as Biblical stories. One example is King Solomon communicating with ants and birds. This was one reason Mohammed lacked the support he expected from the other monotheistic faiths. The second was that the theology of the Qur'an contradicted the Bible. The Qur'an claimed to agree with the Gospel of Jesus Christ while denying the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, and salvation through the cross and the resurrection of the Lord Jesus.

To persuade readers to believe and obey the teachings of the Qur'an, several incentives are reiterated in the text. Earthly rewards are extended such as victory in battle and the spoils of war which come from fighting for the cause of Islam. After death, there are promises of sensual pleasures in the Gardens of Paradise contrasted with the many horrors of hell.

There are five basic pillars of Islam which Muslims highlight as being taught by the Qur'an and their sacred history books called the Hadith. They include the confession that Allah is one and Mohammed is a prophet (Kalima), prayer facing Mecca five times each day (Salat), alms giving (Zakat), a month of fasting during the daylight hours practiced annually (Ramadan), and a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a Muslim's life (Hajj).

Chapter Two

Christianity and Islam

Comparison with the Bible is Vital

Any study of the Qur'an must include a comparison with the Bible because Muslims believe that Islam is built on the foundation of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures. The Qur'an Mohammed recited claimed to agree with and complete the Bible. Muslims believe Allah revealed the Law to Moses, Psalms to David, messages to many other prophets, the Gospel to Jesus and finally the Qur'an to Mohammed. The Bible had been so well established in the Arabian Peninsula that the Jews and Christians are referred to in the Qur'an as the 'People of the Book' (which is the literal interpretation of the Greek word 'Bible').

For this reason, familiar Bible themes are prevalent in the Qur'an. Beliefs such as a single Deity, creation events, prophets, sin, righteousness, Satan, Judgment Day, heaven and hell are found throughout the text. Many familiar Biblical characters are referred to such as Noah, Abraham, Moses, Solomon and Jesus.

The reason the Qur'an needs the Biblical support is obvious. The Bible has a much richer credibility by means of its composition. The Qur'an was presented by one 'prophet' during his lifetime. The Qur'an claims that the beauty of its poetry verifies its holiness yet it offers no specific predictions of future events. On the other hand, the Bible is a library of sixty-six books of inspired revelation written over a period of about 1,400 years by approximately forty different prophets and apostles, yet it reads as one story. The subject matter covers the creation in the first book to the Second Coming of Christ in the last book. The Bible also presents a consistent theology. Over the centuries its inspiration has been validated through the fulfillment of hundreds of specific prophecies, which have been and are still being fulfilled today with complete accuracy.

Reliability of the Bible

The Qur'an needs validation from the Bible, yet the two texts contradict one another on major issues such as the divinity of Christ. Muslims claim that the original Bible did not proclaim that 'Jesus is Lord.' They claim that Christians and Jews have altered the Bible over the years to include such teachings. Christians believe that this accusation is not founded on credible evidence. They believe that a serious study of the reliability of the Bible must conclude that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are reliable.

The amount of ancient Biblical manuscript evidence is overwhelming. There are over 20,000 hand written ancient manuscripts of the New Testament in various languages with the oldest fragment being only about 25 years from the original copy of the Biblical text. In addition, there are ancient letters from the first Christian leaders who were trained by the apostles of Christ (Church Fathers) whose writings include well over 30,000 Scripture quotations. All of the Bible versions and every reference in the Church Father's documents agree! The miracle is that only insignificant and minor differences are found between the manuscripts. The existence of these differences, in spelling or certain phrases or stories, is understandable when a text is copied and passed on for others to copy.

Differences or variants in the Bible are not hidden but footnoted in the English translations. No substantial difference has ever been found and no ancient copies of the Bible were burned because they read differently, yet, that is not true in the case of the Qur'an's development. The amazing agreement between all these Bible texts is a testimony to the Christian scribes who took their task very seriously. They must have known the warning in the last chapter of the last book in the Bible that promises severe punishment for anyone who would intentionally add or subtract a word from the Holy Scriptures.

God and Allah

Do the Christians and Muslims worship the same God? That question is often asked. Certainly, both focus their adoration toward the one Creator as worthy of service, faith and obedience. Yet, the Qur'an and the Bible differ in their descriptions of the Almighty. For example, say two people think they have a friend in common named John Doe. They agree that they both admire John. The name is the same. Yet, one says that John is a tall, red-headed man and the other disagrees insisting that John is a short, blonde man. The differences are significant.

Though there are similarities between Yahweh and Allah, there are several major points of contrast. The first has to do with the Trinity and divinity of Jesus. The distant transcendence of Allah is not at all like the involved incarnation of Yahweh in Christ Jesus.

The Qur'an presents Allah as removed from his creation, yet knowledgeable of every detail of an individual's life and relationships. Allah is enthroned on high and communicates through angels and prophets. He takes account of every individual's deeds and weighs the good against the bad. He often shows mercy on those who deserve it, especially if they are believers in Islam. From his throne, he is totally in control of everything. This includes an individual's life and eternal destiny as well as the outcome of every battle in every war.

The Bible reveals that while Yahweh is also sovereign, holy and demands righteousness, his very essence is love (1 John 4:8-11). This love is expressed most clearly in the gospel, which proclaims that Yahweh came into the world in the person of Jesus Christ to rescue those who believe in him. Through their baptism, Christians proclaim that they have entered into a personal relationship with the Almighty. That relationship enables them to know Yahweh as their Heavenly Father. This close relationship is made possible in Christ. The Hebrew name, Jesus, is a combination of words meaning 'Yahweh's Salvation.'

Another difference between Allah and Yahweh has to do with their mercy. Salvation in Islam is dependent on the faith and efforts of the Muslim. The love of Yahweh, on the other hand, is so great and so unconditional that Jesus described it with the parable of the father who ran to meet and forgive his wayward or prodigal son (Luke 15). The Muslim reaction to this parable is, 'Allah would never do that!' That kind of love is not a characteristic of Allah.

For God's chosen people (Christians), it is a perfect illustration of Yahweh's grace. They realize that their salvation is a free gift of God (Ephesians 2:8-9). It can never be earned or deserved. Jesus will not lose any of those that are given to him by the Heavenly Father (John 6:35-40). The Bible makes it clear that good works naturally result from the Christian's life because they are a new creation and live in Christ (Ephesians 2:10).

The Holy Trinity is another difference between Allah and Yahweh. Christians know Yahweh is mysteriously complex because the Trinity is revealed in the Scriptures (Matthew 28:18-20). The Bible reveals that there is one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit, which Christians have defined as the Holy Trinity (three in one). One illustration of the Trinity involves the sun. The sun constantly sends out light and heat and The Trinity has always been an aspect of the one God. To continue the analogy, as the sun emits light rays, so the one God sent his Word forth to create the world, appear to the prophets and then that Light of God became a person in Christ Jesus (John 1, Hebrews 1:3). Finally, just as the sun sends forth heat, God pours out the invisible presence of His Holy Spirit into the lives of the believers. Another analogy of a more personal nature would be that every person is complex. One individual can be a husband to his wife, a father to his children and a nephew to his Uncle and Aunt. No analogy can accurately illustrate this mystery, but the Holy Trinity is clearly taught in the Bible and is clearly denied in the Qur'an.

Is Allah of the Qur'an the same as Yahweh of the Bible? The Qur'an claims that they are the same, but there is much debate over this issue. Even though the Arabic translations of the Bible use the name Allah to represent Yahweh or God, the Christian understanding is so different it seems obvious that the two are not synonymous.

Success of the Church

There is a difference in how Islam and Christianity view the mission of Christ. Islam is built on the premise that the church Jesus started actually failed from the outset. They believe that Mohammed had to come more than six hundred years later to correct the problems created by the corruption of the Gospel of Christ.

Christianity, on the other hand, trusts that Jesus Christ succeeded in establishing his church on the strong foundation of his chosen apostles. The church has since grown to be a global network of love and good deeds. Jesus promised that the gates of Hell would not be able to stop the advance of his Gospel (Good News) resulting in every language group on earth hearing it (Matthew 16:18 and Matthew 24:14). Jesus foresaw divisions and prayed for unity for his disciples, but he never predicted that his church would fail and require another shepherd. On the contrary, he warned his disciples that false prophets would come after him who would produce amazing signs and gather great followings (Matthew 24:11).

What is the church? History teaches us that it is a two thousand-year-old community of men and women who have been baptized and belong to God and one another. The Bible uses many metaphors to describe them. Each believer is a stone in the temple of God with Christ as the cornerstone (Isaiah 28:16, Ephesians 2:19-22). They are the body of Christ each being members of him (1 Corinthians 12:27). They are the chosen people and a holy nation (1 Peter 2:9-12). They are baptized members of the same church that the Lord Jesus began with the apostles (Galatians 3:26-29).

What about denominations? Though the churches around the world are divided by denominational differences, the Bible says they are one fellowship of believers. They are united in that they all believe in the Trinity, the same Bible and the saving work of the cross and resurrection of Christ Jesus. The churches continue to fulfill the purpose God intended from the days of the apostles. Through the power of God's Holy Spirit, they demonstrate the love of God through church programs, humanitarian services, hospitals, schools, missions and loving personal relationships.

One analogy for the church's basic unity that transcends denominational differences can be taken from the American experience in September of 2001. In the days after the attacks of 9-11 the world saw that, even though there are many political parties in the United States of America, the citizens joined together when their freedom was threatened. They all demonstrated their common love for their country. Their love of liberty and the freedoms they enjoy in America brought them together in spite of their diversity. The analogy for the Bible that all Christians study would be the American's love for one document, the Constitution of the United States of America, for a common guide for their life. The Americans united around one flag (just as the cross is a common symbol for all churches) whether they are liberal or conservative.

Jesus in the Bible and the Qur'an

The Bible and the Qur'an give two very different pictures of Jesus Christ. The Bible is a collection of many eyewitness accounts of the earthly ministry of Christ. This adds a great deal of credibility to what the New Testament says about Jesus. It was read by hundreds of people who knew of the events of Christ's ministry because, in their day, it was recent history.

Christians believe that the Holy Spirit of God inspired all of the Bible prophets and apostles as they wrote. They all agree that in Jesus mankind beheld the very glory of God, the image of the invisible God and the person who was prophesied by the ancient Jewish prophet Isaiah to be Emmanuel which means 'God with us' (Isaiah 7:14, Matthew 1:23). They wrote that in Jesus the fullness of God lived in the body of a real man (Colossians 2:9).

The apostles also tell of Jesus' compassion for the children who were ignored as unimportant in that society, the sinful women who were despised, and the hated tax collectors who were ostracized. They tell of his power over sickness, demons, storms and even death itself. His exalted teachings on ethics remain the ideal for the world today. The sacrifice Jesus made on the cross and the victory he achieved in his resurrection are central to all the apostles inspired writings.

Christ's apostles, eyewitnesses of Christ's life, unanimously agree that belief in Jesus as the Son of God and only Savior of the world brings a new and eternal life to anyone who will receive him. The Bible records that the early church was made up of baptized Christians who peacefully spread this message with the love and power of Jesus working with and through them.

The Qur'an became an authorized text almost 700 years after Christ. It contradicts the eyewitness accounts of the apostles of Christ. The Qur'an does admit that Jesus was the long awaited Jewish Messiah, who was born of a virgin, did miracles and brought the Gospel, which means good news. The Qur'an, though, demotes Jesus from his divinity as the Son of God to equal status with Mohammed and the prophets of the Bible. The Qur'an says that the Jews did not kill Christ; it only appeared that they did. It says that Allah gathered him up. Most Muslims interpret that to mean that someone like Judas, the betrayer, was made to look like Jesus and died in his place while Jesus was secretly lifted out of the world.

If the Qur'an is correct, then Jesus Christ left behind a great and confusing mess, since the disciples of Jesus founded the church on the importance of the cross which would have actually been a deception caused by Allah. They all proclaimed that they saw him alive after his resurrection. Mohammed claimed to be the inspired one to correct this centuries old mistake. If true, then the many Christian martyrs, who were killed during more than three centuries of Roman persecution, died for nothing.

Jesus and Mohammed

The lifestyles of Jesus and Mohammed contrast. The Bible records that Jesus concluded his earthly life single, poor, and nonviolent, while still being the source of many mighty miracles. The last of Christ's miracles was his own resurrection from the dead. As an explanation of his earthly ministry, Jesus himself said that he came not to be served but to serve and give his life as a ransom for many (Mark 10:45).

The opposite can be said of Mohammed. He had struggled through years of disappointment, but ended his earthly life having numerous wives and concubines. He had become extremely rich through military conquest and oppressive taxation of non-Muslims. Though Muslim legends ascribe miracles to Mohammed, it seems clear that the Qur'an itself admitted that he had not performed any miracles resembling those of Jesus.

Muslims today point to the Qur'an itself as Mohammed's validating miracle. Is this possible? The following chapters will assist the many non-Muslims who need help in examining this claim for themselves.

Chapter Three

Warfare and Peace

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Of the twenty-two topics covered in this book, this is one of great interest because of the 9-11 attacks on the United States of America. The following is a broad collection of ninety verses from throughout the Qur'an on the subject of both peace and warfare. Each passage has been paraphrased in modern English.

If there seems to be an evolution in the Qur'an verses on warfare and peace, it might be due to something that was covered in chapter one on the history of the Qur'an. It is worth repeating here that for ten years Mohammed recited verses in Mecca that did not include passages on warfare. Then Mohammed and his followers migrated to Medina where 'Jihad' or 'holy war' verses were introduced. Jihad increased in importance as time went on, so the verses on warfare became more and more harsh and generalized in the later passages in the Qur'an. It is true that Mohammed applied Jihad in a literal way but the question for Muslims today is, 'When is a Jihad appropriate?' Mohammed ordered raids on Meccan caravans, attacks on those who opposed Islam and was himself so involved in the battles that his head was severely wounded in the battle of Uhud in AD 625.

Mohammed is criticized by many westerners who compare his emphasis on war with the non-violence of their Lord Jesus Christ. They cite the surrender of the Jewish tribe in Medina, the Banu Quryzah, whose 600 to 900 men were all executed while their women and children were taken as slaves. The harshness of this massacre was so severe that even the warlike tribes of Mohammed's day were shocked. On the other hand, when Mohammed's forces captured Mecca, the idol worshipers were amazed that a general amnesty was graciously given to the vast majority of those who had violently opposed Islam.

Muslim forces experienced many victories in Mohammed's lifetime and during the early Islamic expansion. The tactics of the Islamic armies terrorized non-Muslims. Some countries, such as Ethiopia and Lebanon, withstood their conquest. Others, like Spain, expelled their Muslim conquerors. On the other hand, some countries accepted Islam without armed conflict as Muslim merchants spread their beliefs.

Some Muslims suggest that the Bible condones violence as well. It is true. Before the birth of Jesus, the people of God were a nation with civil laws, armies and territories. In those days Yahweh would use one nation to punish another through warfare. Sometimes the nation of Israel was used to punish specific perverted cultures, which were full of all kinds of wickedness. This was the case as God gave the Holy Land to the Children of Israel. Other times Israel was defeated and taken into captivity, for a prescribed period of time, because of its sins. One major difference between the Jewish Scriptures and the Qur'an is that Yahweh never gave the nation of Israel an unlimited license to wage war until Judaism prevailed over all faiths.

The Jewish people, who reject Christianity, continue to be loved by God because of the faith of their ancestors (Romans 11:28-29), yet Christians believe there was a dramatic change after the coming of the long awaited Messiah. Jesus Christ announced that the Kingdom of God would no longer be limited to a place but would exist in the hearts of his chosen people, the global church. Christians believe that he was and continues to be the Head of the Church (Colossians 1:15-20) which exists without territorial boundaries. God's redeemed are to go the extra mile, turn the other cheek and love their enemies. This love is the hallmark of the church around the world today.

Does this love prohibit criminal punishment or military action? In the Christian faith, the authority of secular governments to use violence to punish criminals and evildoers is respected and those who serve in law enforcement and the military are called 'ministers of God' who keep order in society (Romans 13:1-7). As for the church, there is no literal 'call to arms' for the cause of Christ in the New Testament. Actually, the overwhelming emphasis in the Bible calls for love and mercy between one's brothers and even for one's enemies. This amazing love is a gift from God that works through the believer in Jesus. When Christians are unmerciful, they are not following the commands of God that are found in the Holy Scriptures (Romans 12:14-21).

Many Muslims point to the Crusades as an illustration of violent church action. It is true that many unethical acts were done during the military campaigns of the Crusades. It was a time in history that scholars have labeled the 'Dark Ages.' Muslim forces had been attacking Christian countries for centuries. Their conquests included the 'Holy Land' of Israel. The motivation for the Crusades found its root in reports that Muslims were desecrating Christian holy sites and persecuting Christians on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The first knights took their vows in AD 1095 when Pope Urban II organized the troops to 'liberate the Holy Land from the Muhammadans.' Many of the Crusaders went beyond their mission and forgot their Christian ideals as they sought earthly revenge and treasure. Their atrocities, however, were not motivated by the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Many Muslims would claim the same thing about the numerous atrocities done, throughout world history, in the name of Islam. They say that the Qur'an teaches a religion of peace. For evidence, they cite the many Islamic nations who were immediate allies in the 'war on terrorism' which followed the 9-11 attacks. Does the Qur'an condone terrorist acts or is Jihad limited only to self-defense? The following topical study will help you decide for yourself.

The Qur'an Says…

Introduction of Jihad

The faithful wish for a chapter to be revealed, but when one is given that mentions warfare, the weak look to Mohammed as if they would faint because of their fear of death (47:20).

Allah Loves Warriors

Allah loves individuals who fight for Islam in ranks as strong as a mighty building (61:4).

Protection of Churches

To keep many monasteries, churches, synagogues and mosques from being destroyed, Allah uses one kind of people to fight another kind of people. In each of these buildings Allah is worshiped on a daily basis (22:40).

Slaughter of Opponents

Muslims must fight the unbelievers who oppose them. Muslims are to obey the Islamic rules of war. They must kill the unbelievers wherever they find them. They are to drive them out of the lands they took from the Muslims. Enduring trouble and oppression from the unbelievers is worse than the Muslim's act of the all out slaughter of the unbelievers (2:190-191). Muslims are excused from fighting during holidays since their carnage of the idol worshipers is justified by the persecution suffered by the Muslims (2:217).

Fight for Islam

Whether Muslims are unarmed or well equipped, they are to march on and fight for the cause of Allah (9:41). It is a bargain for Muslims to give of themselves and their wealth to fight for the cause of Islam since there will be a rewarded with Paradise. There are benefits in the present as well. There will be help from above to win quick victories. Spread this good news to the faithful. Believers, be Allah's helpers! Jesus' disciples were such and they received help against the other Israelites who did not believe. They triumphed over their enemies (61:10-14).

Post War Honor

Those who gave financial support and took part in the fighting before the victory was won will have a greater rank than those that fought and contributed after the victory had been determined (57:10).

Battlefield Instructions

When the unbelievers are encountered, aim your blows at their necks. When you have won the battle, tie up the prisoners of war firmly. Then you may either decide to be generous to the prisoners or ask for a ransom for their freedom (47:4).

Only Assurance of Paradise

Soldiers, who die in battle fighting for Islam, are promised admission to the Eternal Gardens or Paradise (47:4-6, 3:169-171).

Spoils of War

What is taken from villages, as spoils of war, must not be divided among the rich only. They will be given to Mohammed and the poor. Mohammed will distribute the possessions as he sees fit and no one should complain (59:7, 8:1). When the Muslims go forth, to take the possessions of others, some who are unworthy will say that they want to fight, but Muhammad will tell them that they are excluded (48:15,16). Allah knows of other booty, which the Muslims have not yet taken (48:18-21). Enjoy the spoils of war (8:69).

War among Muslims

If fighting breaks out among Muslims, everyone should fight against the party in the wrong until they submit and then be fair with them (49:9).

Promise of Victory

Allah promised rich booty and speedy victory for the Muslim warriors. In addition, they will have protection from their enemies. Their victory will be a sign for Muslims. If unbelievers come against the Muslims they will retreat with no one to help them or protect them (48:20-22, 8:7-10). Those who only have Allah, Mohammed and faithful Muslims as friends are sure to triumph (5:56). Victory only comes from Allah (3:126).

Muslims Are Ruthless

Those who follow Mohammed are ruthless to the unbelievers but compassionate to one another (48:29).

Fear

The Jews who supported the fight against the Muslims were miraculously brought out of their strongholds and frightened. This is why the Muslims were able to kill them or take them captive. The Muslims became masters of the Jews' lands, homes and property (33:26,27). Gather a large number of men and cavalry so that you may strike fear into the hearts of your enemy (8:60).

Behead and Maim

The hearts of the infidels will be terrorized so Muslims should attack with courage and behead them and cut off all their fingers. Maiming your victims will show that opposing Allah and Mohammed results in severe punishment. They are going to hell (8:12-14).

Treatment of Enemies

Those who make war on Allah and Mohammed should be killed, crucified, have their hands and feet cut off on alternate sides or be exiled. They must be degraded in this world and doomed in the afterlife (5:33). They are not to be forced to become Muslims (2:256).

Damnation for Muslim Cowards

When Muslims meet infidels in battle, they must not retreat except for strategic reasons. Anyone who turns to run from fear, he will be punished and certainly hell will be his home (8:16).

Make War on the Unbelievers

Muslims are to continue fighting unbelievers until the religion of Islam is dominant everywhere (8:39). Make war on the unbelievers and treat them harshly. Hell is their unhappy journey's end (9:73, 66:9).

Break Treaties

Muslims may break their treaties with unbelievers if they feel that the infidels are being treacherous. Unbelievers will never get the better of Muslims. They should be attacked with such a mighty force that it frightens them, but if they want to surrender, then make peace (8:57-61).

Muslims Will Always Be Victorious

If there are one hundred good Muslims, they will vanquish two hundred unbelievers. If there are one thousand, they will cause two thousand unbelievers to flee because they have no understanding (8:66-67, 3:126).

Prisoners

Mohammed should not possess prisoners of war until final victory over their land has been accomplished. Muslims want the spoils of war too early because they seek worldly rewards rather than heavenly rewards. Muslims should enjoy the good and lawful things they have gained from warfare and not seek illegal gain (8:67-69).

Concubines

It is prohibited for Muslims to marry women who are already married, unless they are their slaves which they have possessed by force of battle (4:24). Muslims are those who abstain from sexual relations beyond their wives and slave girls they have captured in battle. Such relationships with prisoners are blameless (23:5-6). Slaves do not share equally the riches Allah gives their owners. Their owners do not fear their slaves as they do their fellow Muslims (30:28).

Kill the Idolaters

Once a holiday from war is ended, Muslims are to kill the idol worshipers wherever they find them. They are to capture them, besiege them and lie in ambush everywhere for them. If they convert, pray and give alms then they will be allowed to live (9:5).

Make War Year Round

Allah created twelve months with four being sacred, but since the unbelievers fight in all twelve months, it is allowed for Muslims to make war against the idol worshipers in all twelve months (9:36).

Fight against Everyone

Muslims, fight everyone who reject Islam, even against Christians and Jews who have rejected Islam, until they pay regular financial tribute with willing submission and feel themselves completely subjected to their Islamic conquerors (9:29).

Defeat All Religions

Allah sent Mohammed with the true religion so that it may prevail over all other religions (9:33).

Kill and Be Killed

In return for their lives and contributions, Muslims are given a Garden Paradise. This is promised to those who fight, kill and are killed for the cause. This same message is in the Torah, the Gospel and the Qur'an (9:111).

Fight Neighbors

Muslims, make war against the infidels who live around them and they are to demonstrate harshness to them (9:123).

Example of Jews of Nadhir

The defeat of the People of the Bible (or Book) in the first attack was Allah's work. Many Muslims did not think they (probably the Jews of Nadhir) would leave their homes but they left terrified. Allah gave their possessions to Mohammed who distributed them as Mohammed willed. Some hypocritical Arabs have promised the People of the Bible that they will help them if the Muslims attack and drive them out, but they are lying. They will go to hell with Satan (59:1-17).

Change or Be Killed

If the hypocrites and troublemakers in the city do not change, Allah will move the Muslims to seize and kill them without mercy wherever they find them (33:60,61).

Battle the Friends of Satan

True Muslims fight for the cause of Allah but the infidels do battle for the cause of idols. Fight the friends of Satan (4:76).

Do Not Kill for Booty

For the sake of gaining booty, the Muslims would kill even those who asked for peace. They are to stop doing this and show discernment. Allah has forgiven the Muslims for doing this in the past but Allah is aware of their future actions (4:94).

Chapter Four

Status of Women

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

The general perception is that Muslim men treat women as if they are inferior. Is this behavior a cultural problem or is it based squarely on the teaching of the verses Mohammed recited, which are recorded in the Qur'an? The twenty-nine verses gathered in this chapter make it obvious that Islam teaches that men are not only superior, and thus have authority over women, but they are even commanded to beat them if they are rebellious.

There are many instances of women being mistreated by men in countries that have a Christian heritage as well. The difference is that the Bible primarily promotes the dignity of each individual regardless of their gender. History shows that where the gospel is embraced, human rights gradually improve. There are significant reasons for this trend.

Christians believe their lives should be modeled after that of the Lord Jesus who spent time teaching women, which broke with the customs of his day (Luke 10:38-42). His respect was demonstrated even toward sinful women who turned to him for compassion (Luke 7:36-39). He crossed racial and cultural barriers to reveal his true identity to a Samaritan woman (John 4:1-42). After his resurrection, Jesus honored the female disciples by appearing to them first (Matthew 28:8-10).

Many Christians interpret various Biblical passages to mean that men and women have different roles to play in the home and church, even so, Christians agree that the Bible clearly teaches the equality of the sexes. In the beginning of the Bible it reveals that God created 'man' and created 'him' as both 'male and female.' They were both created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27). In God's eyes a husband and wife become one person in marriage (Genesis 2:24). In the New Testament, it is written that, as Christians, there is equality among all believers. It reveals that, in the church, there is no longer male or female, Jew or Greek, slave or free but they are all one in Christ Jesus (Galatians 3:28).

The Qur'an Says…

Inferiority of Women

Men have authority over women because they were made to be superior and because men spend their resources to take care of women (4:34). Men have a higher status or are considered a degree above women, so in matters of divorce, the man has more rights (2:228).

Possessions

The things men are tempted to covet are women, sons, gold and silver, horses, cattle and fields. These are the possessions of this world but the most important thing is a righteous life (3:14).

Superiority of Men and Wife Beating

Men are in charge of women because they have been created superior to them and because they support them. Good women are obedient. Women who are suspected of disobedience must be scolded, made to sleep alone and beaten. When they return to obedience, no further punishment should be administered (4:34).

Fields to Plow

Women are fields for men to own and plow whenever and however they wish (2:223).

Enemies

Wives and children are enemies of believers. Beware of them. If the believer forgives their offenses then Allah will also. Wealth and children are a temptation. One's first obligation is to pay attention to Allah, obey him and give generously to charity (64:14-17).

Value and Nature of Women

Having sons is of greater value than having daughters since women grow up wearing cheap jewelry and are unable to speak logically in an argument. Those that think that the angels are female will have to answer for this belief. Those who believe that Allah has daughters who are goddesses are wrong and unfair. He does not! Why would Allah have daughters when sons are preferable (17:40, 43:16-19, 53:19-22)?

Trustworthiness of Women

Two men are required to witness a loan agreement. If two men can not be found, then one man and two women will suffice. The women are to be chosen carefully. Two are required so that if one of them makes a mistake or forgets something the other may remind her (2:282).

Inequity In Financial Matters

Males are to inherit twice as much as females. If only two or more daughters survive, they may split two-thirds of the estate. If only one daughter survives, she may only inherit half of the estate (4:11). If a woman dies, her husband will inherit half of her estate if there are no children. On the other hand, a widow will inherit only one fourth of their husbands estate (if there are no children) (4:12). If a man dies childless and he has a sister, she may inherit half of his estate. If a woman dies childless, her brother may inherit all of her estate. If a man dies childless and he has both brothers and sisters, the share of each male will be that of two females (4:176).

Covering

The wives of Mohammed and Muslim women are to cover themselves with their cloak when away from home in such a way that they may be recognized but not harmed (33:59).

Potential Slaves

Muslims are those who abstain from sexual relations beyond their wives and slave girls they have captured in battle. Such relationships are blameless (23:5-6). Slaves do not share equally the riches Allah gives their owners. Their owners do not fear their slaves as they do their fellow Muslims (30:28).

Sons are a Blessing

Wives, sons and grandsons are rewards for believers (16:72).

Women Confined for Indecency

If a woman is accused by four witnesses of indecency and she confesses to it, confine her to her home until she dies or until Allah finds another way. If two men are convicted for the same thing they should both be punished but if they repent leave them alone (4:15,16).

Adulterers 100 Lashes

Both the male and female who are guilty of adultery or premarital sex are to be flogged with one hundred lashes. Absolutely no mercy is to be given. It is to be witnessed by a group of Muslims. They can only marry a person who has been found guilty of the same crime or an unbeliever in Islam (24:2).

Chapter Five

Marriage and Divorce

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Marriage is not a binding union in Islam. The Qur'an does not view divorce as a tragic option when all else fails. There are striking differences between what the Qur'an and the Bible teaches on this subject as the following collection of twenty-five verses demonstrate.

One true story which illustrates this fact is found in the book, Not Without My Daughter, by Betty Mahmoody (St. Martin's Press, 1987) and the movie by the same title starring Sally Field. It documents the crisis that many Christian women face when they marry Muslim men. Mrs. Mahmoody was held captive in Iran by her husband's relatives until she escaped, but she would not leave without her daughter. Sympathetic Muslims assisted her escape. Since then, she has worked with women who find themselves in the same situation. She has helped more than seventy-five children reunite with their mothers in the United States (Ladies Home Journal, November 1998, p.44).

The Islamic teachings on marriage and divorce have caused concern even among Muslims. For one Muslim woman, who was divorced for no apparent reason, it meant the beginning of a search that led her to the Bible for answers. She embraced Christianity when she discovered the sanctity of marriage that is proclaimed in the Bible. Her name is Bilquis Sheikh, the author of I Dared to Call Him Father (Chosen Books of The Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1978). What is the difference? Both the Qur'an and the Bible teach against sexual immorality but the Biblical teachings are unique.

In the Bible's very first book and chapter, it defines 'man' as both male and female and reveals that they were created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27). In marriage, the two become 'one flesh' (Genesis 2:24). The Lord Jesus used these very passages to emphasize the sanctity of marriage and only allowed divorce in cases of unfaithfulness (Matthew 19:3-12). Many Christians believe that the definition of the word 'unfaithfulness' includes abandonment and abusiveness. Christian marriage is so sacred that it is used throughout the New Testament to illustrate God's love for His bride, the global church (Ephesians 5:31,32).

Contrary to the Bible's instructions on marriage, the divorce rate in western countries is extremely high. Some Muslims are critical of this fact. They are right. There is a problem. Christians believe that this is one of those facts that emphasizes the truth that everyone falls short of God's glory and that all stand in need of a Savior for grace and comfort (Romans 3:22-24).

The Qur'an Says…

Blessings of Wives and Sons

Believers in the Qur'an have been given wives, sons and grandsons. They have been given good things. It is a wonder why unbelievers turn away from such blessings (16:72).

Polygamy

Muslims are allowed up to four wives at a time. If the man fears that he cannot treat multiple wives fairly then he should marry just one (4:3). Even when a husband tries his best to treat his wives equally, it is impossible. Just make sure that no wife is abandoned in such a way that she is left in suspense. Allah will forgive you for not being totally impartial (4:129).

Concubines

Muslims are those who abstain from sexual relations beyond their wives and slave girls they have captured in battle. Such relationships are blameless (23:5,6). Slaves do not share equally the riches Allah gives their owners. Their owners do not fear their slaves as they do their fellow Muslims (30:28).

Adult - Child Marriages

When Muslims want to divorce their child brides who have not started their periods, they must wait three months before finalizing the divorce to insure that the child is not pregnant. If the child is pregnant, her husband must put off the divorce until after the birth (65:4).

Stepdaughters

When a Muslim marries a woman who has daughters of her own, he may marry her daughters also as long as he has not yet had sexual relations with their mother (4:23).

Married Women

It is prohibited for Muslims to marry women who are already married, unless they are their slaves that they have possessed by force of battle (4:24).

Divorce

If a Muslim husband wants to exchange his present wife for another woman, he should not take back any of the wedding gifts from her even if it is a treasure (4:20). If he has divorced his wife with the pagan statement, 'You are my mother,' he has gone about it in the wrong way. She cannot be your mother. If you want her back, you must free a slave, fast two months or feed sixty poor people (58:1-4).

Unbelieving Wives

A Muslim should not stay married to a woman who is an unbeliever. He must get back what he spent on her and let her receive back what she spent on him (60:10).

Inherited Women

Muslims may not inherit women against their will. Inherited women must not be treated unfairly in financial matters, unless they are guilty of a sexual sin (4:19).

Remarriage

If a Muslim husband divorces his wife irrevocably (by saying 'I divorce you' three times) he cannot remarry her until she has married another man and been divorced by him. After that, the original couple will not be guilty if they remarry (2:230).

Women's Rights

In matters of divorce, women have similar but lesser rights than men since men have a higher status than women (2:228). If a woman feels that her husband is cruel or has deserted her, the couple should settle the matter between themselves and come to some mutual agreement (4:128).

Prostitution

Those slave girls who desire chastity should not be forced into prostitution for mere earthly gain. But if their owner does compel them, Allah is forgiving (24:33).

Widow's Inheritance

A husband, who is about to die, should leave his wives enough provision that they will not have to leave their homes for one year, unless they desire to do so. Some provision should also be made for divorced women as well (2:240,241).

Fields to Plow

Women are fields for men to own and plow whenever and however they wish (2:223).

Wife Beating

Men are in charge of women because they have been created superior to them and because they support them. Good women are obedient. If disobedience is suspected, the rebellious woman is to be scolded, made to sleep alone and beaten until she changes (4:34).

Chapter Six

Mohammed

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Was Mohammed the final prophet or one of the false prophets predicted by the Lord Jesus (Matthew 24:24)? Most people have no reference to evaluate the ministry of Mohammed. One source of information to learn about Mohammed's life is what the Qur'an teaches. It must be understood that these were verses being recited by Mohammed about himself, or as Muslims would say 'revealed through Mohammed.' The verses were recited as if Allah was speaking directly through him. Eighty-seven of these verses about Mohammed are paraphrased in this chapter.

In this collection, there are a variety of different kinds of verses. Some detail the mission of Mohammed and give warnings to those who reject him as a prophet. Other verses deal with the meaning of 'Satanic verses.' Some give answers to those who accused Mohammed of immoral behavior. There are evaluations of the non-believer's of Mohammed. Instructions on how people must treat Mohammed are detailed. The verses describe privileges Allah granted only to Mohammed. Some helpful linguistic and historic information has been included between parenthesis marks to assist with understanding the passages.

This book was written for non-Muslims who might expect Mohammed's career to be comparable to that of Jesus. There are some similarities. Both are founders of major world religions. They both claimed to have been foretold by the Jewish Scriptures, thus their teachings were meant to be a continuation of the religion of Abraham, Moses and David. Neither of them authored a text but left it to their followers to compile their message and deeds.

On the other hand, the differences are significant. The Bible hails Jesus as the only incarnation of God while the Qur'an declares that Mohammed is a prophet. Jesus was single while Mohammed had many wives. Jesus was non-violent and commanded his church to be so as well, while Mohammed condoned the duty of Jihad (Holy War) and made it an important part of the Islamic faith. The contrast is evident.

The Qur'an Says…

Poor Orphan

Mohammed was an orphan child yet was given a home. He was poor and became wealthy (93:6-8).

Alihah or Allah

The idol worshipers encouraged people to reject Mohammed's teachings saying that he has made the gods (alihah) into one deity (Allah), which is nothing but an invention (38:4-7).

Prophet Like Jesus

Allah took a solemn pledge from Mohammed as he did from the other prophets; Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus the son of Mary (33:7).

No Son but Seal of Prophets

Mohammed had no son but (in spite of this disgrace) he has Allah's approval as the seal of the prophets (33:40).

Illiterate

Allah replied to Moses that he would have mercy on the righteous, which are those who believe in his revelations and follow the Prophet, who can neither read nor write… (7:157a).

Mohammed's Tribe

The Quraish (Arabic tribe in which Mohammed was a member) enjoyed privileges and treaties above others (because they were in charge of the Kaaba, or worship center, in Mecca and Allah was the one worshiped by their tribe). They should adore Allah who is the Lord of that house (106:1-4).

Messenger

Mohammed has no Savior to which he can turn and he himself is only a messenger (72:22,23, 22:49).

Revere Mohammed

Mohammed brings good news and warnings so believers must help him and revere him. Allegiance sworn to Mohammed is allegiance sworn to Allah. When they put their hands together, Allah's hand is on top of theirs (48:8-10).

Rapid Tongue

Mohammed should not move his tongue so fast when 'reciting' verses of the Qur'an (75:16).

Appeal to the Bible…

Muslims will find him (Mohammed) mentioned in the Bible both in the (Old Testament) Law and in the (New Testament) Gospel (7:157b).

The First Muslim

Mohammed was to say that his prayer, life and death are all for Allah, who has no wife or partner, and he was the first to submit to Allah (6:162,163).

Satanic Verses

Mohammed spoke some verses to be a part of the Qur'an which really came from Satan, but this was not unusual since the Qur'an claims that every prophet and apostle in the past has had the same problem. The Satanic verses were removed. The purpose of Satanic verses was to test the unbelievers and divide them into sects which will be a sign that the Qur'an is true to those who believe (22:52,53). The Satanic verses were deleted and replaced by better verses or similar ones (2:106).

Impostor

When one of the verses that Mohammed had given, as part of the Qur'an, was replaced by another verse, the non-Muslims decided that he was an impostor only claiming to be a prophet (16:101).

Changes Cause Doubt

The foolish wonder why Mohammed's earlier instructions were replaced with different ones (in relation to which direction a Muslim should face when praying, Jerusalem or Mecca). The answer to these 'foolish doubters' is that the first revelation was given as the first part of a tough test. This change (in the Qur'an) was performed in order to see which followers would remain Muslims and which would defect as a result. It was a great test which true Muslims withstood (2:142,143).

Split Moon Miracle

Judgment is near and the moon is cut into two pieces. Yet if the unbelievers see a sign they claim that it is only a prolonged illusion (54:1-2).

Warrior

Mohammed, fight hard against the unbelievers and hypocrites and deal harshly with them. They are going to hell (66:9).

Booty

When Mohammed and his followers defeated the people of a town, the conquered people's possessions were to be distributed by Mohammed and no one should criticize how it is done (59:7).

Above Criticism

Private discussions of a critical nature concerning Mohammed are not allowed. Secret councils are evil (58:9,10).

Soft Voices

Muslims are never to talk louder than Mohammed. They are to speak with soft voices in his presence. They must stop talking loudly to Mohammed when he is in another room but, instead, they must wait for Mohammed to come to them (49:2-4).

Private Audience

Before someone speaks with Mohammed privately, he should give alms to the poor to prepare himself (58:12).

Scandal

Mohammed told his adopted son, Zeid, not to divorce his wife and fear Allah, even though Mohammed knew in his heart something (that he himself loved her and she was meant to be his bride). Mohammed tried to hide his feeling concerning Zeid's wife because he was afraid of public opinion. His son (understanding Mohammed's intentions) did divorce his wife and she was given in marriage to Mohammed. This was meant to happen to demonstrate that it is lawful for fathers to marry their adopted son's wives if they divorce. Mohammed is not to be blamed for doing his duty in this matter (33:37,38).

Too Many Wives

Muslims are only allowed four wives at a time in addition to their slave girls (4:3). But Mohammed (who had married more than four) is pardoned. The wives he has already married are permitted him so that he will not be blamed. This includes the first cousins who fled with him from Mecca. This was a privilege only for Mohammed and not for anyone else. Like other Muslims, he can continue his sexual relations with slave girls who were his prisoners of war (33:50).

Behavior of Wives

If one of Mohammed's wives sins, she will be punished double. His wives who obey Allah and obey Mohammed will be rewarded double. They are not to be like other women. They should not speak softly to others or someone may lust after them. His wives are not to display their beauty. They are to stay at home and practice their religious duties (33:30-34).

Unfair Treatment Allowed

Unlike other Muslim men, Mohammed did not have to rotate sleeping with his wives to be fair to each of them. He could also have relations with wives that he had temporarily shunned so that they would not be in agony and would be pleased with what he gave them (33:51).

Maximum Wives Reached

It was made unlawful for Mohammed to take any more wives or to exchange his present wives for new ones even though he might be strongly attracted by the beauty of other women. The only new women Mohammed could have sexual relations with were slave girls (33:52).

Excused for Unfaithfulness

(Mohammed made a promise not to have sexual relations with a Coptic Christian slave woman. He took this oath to please his wife Hafsa. When he was caught breaking his promise. Those who believe in the Qur'an believe that Allah canceled his oaths with a question.) 'Why would you (Mohammed) prohibit something for yourself (sexual relations with a slave girl) since it is permitted by Allah?' It is because you want to please your wives. Allah is forgiving. Allah allows you to break your oaths in some cases. When Mohammed confided (the breaking of his oath) to one of his wives (probably Hafsa), she then divulged it to another (probably A'isha whom Mohammed married when he was in his fifties and she was about nine years old). She (Hafsa) wondered how Mohammed knew (that she had rumored the scandal behind his back). Mohammed heard it from Allah. If the two wives do not repent (of their criticism of Mohammed) then they oppose not only Mohammed but also Allah who protects Mohammed, Gabriel, every righteous Muslim and the angels all of whom will back up Mohammed. If these two wives do not repent, Mohammed might divorce them and Allah would replace them with better wives who are submissive, faithful, devoted, penitent, and worshipful'ones who go on pilgrimage and fast. The replacements might be previously married or virgins (66:1-5). Remember the example of the wives of Noah and Lot. They were married to righteous servants and they deceived them. Both of their wives entered the fire of hell. Another example is Pharaoh's wife who converted and was saved from those who do wrong and Mary, daughter of Imran, who guarded her chastity. Allah breathed into Mary his spirit (Jesus) and she testified to the truth that she was a virgin (66:10-12).

Etiquette in Mohammed's Houses

If a person is invited to one of Mohammed's houses for dinner, he should not come early or stay after dinner for small talk. This would annoy Mohammed and he would be embarrassed to have to ask him to leave. If the guest should want anything, he should speak to Mohammed's wives through a screen that would be best for the guest and Mohammed's wives (33:53).

Troubling Mohammed

Annoying, criticizing or hurting Mohammed in any way is a great offense (33:53).

Childless

Mohammed should respond with prayers and offer sacrifices to counter the fact that he was so rich. The person who hates Mohammed will have no children (108:1-3).

Predicted by Jesus

Jesus, son of Mary, told Israel that he had come to confirm the Jewish Scriptures, which came before him, and to announce that another apostle would come after him named Ahmad (61:6).

Widows of Mohammed

It is not right for any man to marry Mohammed's wives after he dies. This would be a great sin (33:53).

No Miracles

The non-Muslims observed that, unlike Moses, Mohammed did no miracles and Mohammed himself admitted that no miraculous signs had been done by him (28:48, 10:20, 13:7, 6:37).

Sky Falling

Mohammed should be encouraged by the fact that even if a piece of the sky fell on the unbelievers they would deny it by claiming that it was only a mass of clouds (52:44).

Possessed

The non-Muslims glare at Mohammed with their eyes and say, 'No doubt, he is possessed' (68:51 25:8).

False Prophet

The non-Muslims say that Mohammed invented his verses himself (46:8,52:33 25:4).

Insane

The non-Muslims say that Mohammed is insane (68:2). The idol worshipers say that, since Mohammed performs no miracles, they would not leave their gods just because of Mohammed's words. They decided that their gods had cursed him with madness (11:53-54).

Fairy Tales

The non-Muslims objected to the content of the Qur'an because they recognized in it familiar old fables which were presented in the Qur'an as history. Tales in the Qur'an were taught to him by someone who spent a great deal of time helping Mohammed learn them (16:24, 25:5, 68:15, 83:13).

A Poet among Many Poets

The unbelievers said that Mohammed was simply a poet (52:30). Poets are found wandering in every valley. They gathered followers who believed errors. The poets teach things they do not practice (26:224-226).

Teacher

The unbelievers accused a specific non-Arab of helping Mohammed compose the Qur'an (16:103).

Mysterious Journey

Allah should be glorified who transported his servant from Mecca to Jerusalem (17:1).

Enemies

No Muslim will befriend those who oppose Allah and Mohammed (58:22).

Doubters Should Hang Themselves

Anyone who thinks that Allah will not cause Mohammed to triumph should take a rope, attach it to the ceiling of his house and hang himself (22:15).

Chapter Seven

Creation and Science

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Most Muslims claim that the Qur'an's views of creation and science agree with modern science. They feel strongly about this because they believe the Qur'an must be flawless in every way or it is not a divine revelation. The validity of this claim needs to be questioned. Such inquiry logically begins with the Islamic story of creation.

Is there a creation story in the Qur'an? It does not have one complete passage that covers the subject as in the beginning of the Bible. The Qur'anic verses on creation are scattered throughout the Muslim text. In this chapter, one hundred forty-nine verses have been collected, arranged and paraphrased to provide a quick guide to what Islam teaches on the origin of the universe, earth and mankind.

There are similarities between the Biblical and Islamic accounts. For example, both the Bible and the Qur'an describe the sun as rising and setting. This is a typical way to describe the passing of a day even in modern times, yet the Qur'an goes beyond what the Bible teaches about the actions of the sun and moon. For example, it claims that a mighty man saw the sun land in a muddy pool in the far west. In addition the Qur'an explains that the sun and moon orbit the earth and are not allowed to catch up with each other.

There are differences as well between the Bible and the Qur'an. One example has to do with mountains. The Bible describes how the earth was covered with water until the land came up out of the sea, but the Qur'an declares that the earth was leveled flat then mountains were set down on the earth from above. The mountains were placed on the earth to keep the land from sliding around.

The first verse of the Bible describes how the sun and moon, along with all the heavens and earth were created, yet, the Bible makes it clear that the sun and moon were not made to function for seasons until 'the fourth day.' Christian creationists claim that this might have been due to a thick cloud cover over the earth. The Qur'an states that the sun and moon were created after the earth. The Qur'an goes on to reveal that they were hung as lights on the dome of the sky.

The Qur'an adds information not found in the Bible. For example, the Bible says nothing about the purpose of 'shooting stars' but the Qur'an explains that they are fiery missiles which chase off genies from listening to what is taking place above the dome of the sky where Allah is on his throne. (The Qur'an teaches that 'jinn' or genies are spiritual beings, maybe best compared to demons, though not all of them are evil. They are understood to have a free will and some of them have become Muslims.)

The cosmology of the Qur'an seems consistent with the Arabic understanding of the time of Mohammed. It certainly does not seem to agree with modern science. The non-Muslim reader needs to appreciate the difficulty Muslim fundamentalists experience as they try to harmonize the following verses with the facts that are known about the universe.

The Qur'an Says…

Six Days

The creation was completed in six days (10:3).

Order

In four days the earth was completed. Then attention was given to the sky, which was still smoke. In two days seven heavens were created with the lower heaven adorned with lights (41:10-12). Everything on earth was created before Allah turned to the sky or heaven and fashioned seven levels of heavens (2:29, 41:10-12).

Flat Earth

The earth was leveled flat or spread out in the creation event (88:20, 15:19, 79:30). Allah will not let it cave in beneath mankind (67:16). Both the earth and the heavens would fall if it were not for the sustaining power of Allah. If they did fall, no one could hold them back (35:41, 16:45).

Mountains Set Down

Mountains were set down on the earth like giant immovable weights or pegs in order to keep the flat earth from moving (15:19, 21:31, 31:10, 88:19, 16:15, 79:32, 78:7).

Man

Man was created to be in distress (90:4). Man was first created from clay. He then procreates as the essence of clay becomes a living germ and is put into the womb. The germ transforms into a clot of blood. The blood clot becomes a small mass, which is fashioned into bones. The bones are then covered with flesh. This is the amazing developmental process by which life is generated and regenerated (23:12-14). Each man begins as a discharged semen, which becomes a clot of blood and then is given male or female parts (76:37-39).

Woman

A mate for man was created so that he might find comfort as he rests with her and produces offspring (7:189). Men were made superior to women, which means they exercise authority over females and must beat them if they are rebellious. This is why women depend on men for their support (4:34).

Sky Is a Dome

The sky and the heavens were still just smoke after the completion of the earth with its living things and mountains (41:10-11, 2:29). The sky was built up as a dome over the earth (2:22, 21:32). It was raised on high as a canopy (79:28). It continues to be amazing that it has no visible pillars or cracks (31:10, 50:6). It was built up, decorated with bright ornaments and has no cracks or defects (50:6). It remains to be a threat as a piece of the sky could fall on an individual as a form of punishment (34:9).

Stars Are Lamps

Above the earth were constructed seven layers of heavens which are miraculously kept from falling. The lower level is decorated with lighted lamps (41:12, 67:5).

Zodiac Signs

The sky was decorated with the signs of the zodiac to make it beautiful (15:16, 25:61).

Falling Stars Chase Genies

Shooting stars are made for a special purpose. They are lamps that are thrown as fiery missiles at genies (jinn) who try to fly up toward the sky in order to spy on the activities of heaven (37:6-10, 15:17-18, 67:5, 26:210-212).

Satan

Prior to the creation of humans, Satan was created out of smokeless fire. He was punished for refusing a command to bow before Adam, the man who was sculpted and brought to life from clay. When he was banished and degraded to the earth, Satan swore to mislead people. Adam and Eve were his first victims. He was one of the genies (15:28-39, 7:11-23, 18:50).

Evil Spirits

Genies were made from fire that has no smoke (55:15).

Sun and Moon Orbit Earth

After the seven heavens were built over the earth, the sun was put into service (13:2-3, 78:12-13). The sun is a shining lamp (25:61, 78:13). The sun swims its rounded course and comes to a resting-place (36:40, 18:86). The sun is not allowed to catch up with the moon and the moon is not allowed to overtake the sun as they run their prescribed orbits (36:37-40, 21:32-33). Allah swears by the sun with his midday brightness and the moon, how she rises to follow him (91:1-2).

Adam and Eve

Adam and Eve were created in a garden paradise in heaven. All the angels but Satan obeyed Allah by bowing before Adam. Satan was forever degraded because of this disobedience. Satan, in turn, tempted Adam and Eve to eat from the tree that Allah had forbidden them to even approach. Because of this, Allah cast Adam and Eve out of the heavenly garden and placed them on the earth (7:11-25).

Superman

A mighty man was made who was given the power to do anything. His name was Dhul-Qarnain. Among other things, he traveled on a road so far west that he saw where the sun landed in a pool of black mud. He was given authority to rule them and he was harsh with the people he found there. He traveled on another road so far to the East that he saw a kind of people who were close to the rising sun as it started its journey. They had been left without any protection against the nearness of the burning sun's rays. He left those people alone. Another of his exploits was to construct a huge dam made of iron blocks and coated it with molten lead. It completely filled the space between two steep mountains and was so massive that the people of Gog and Magog (Russia) could not scale it or dig through it to disturb their neighbors. The great dam will survive until the Judgment Day (18:83-100).

Semen

Look at the semen you emit. Did you create it, or are we the Creators (56:58-59)? The male and the female are created in the womb when a drop is poured fourth (53:45-46).

Birds

Birds are a sign to encourage belief since there is no natural reason why they are suspended between the earth and the sky. It is only by Allah's miraculous power (16:79).

Shadows

Allah lengthens and shortens the shadows. He could have made them stationary. The sun guides them (25:45).

Throne

After the heavens were finished, Allah, who built them, went to sit down on his throne in heaven. Allah continues to hold the heavens and the earth so that they might not disappear (10:3, 13:2, 20:5, 25:59, 35:41, 57:4). Those who hold up Allah's throne and surround it constantly pray that those Muslims who deserve it would be forgiven (40:7-9).

Chapter Eight

Judgment Day

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Both the Qur'an and the Bible proclaim a final judgment. Some of the end times catastrophes mentioned in the Qur'an reflect what the Bible stated hundreds of years before Mohammed was born. Yet, there are a number of differences between the Biblical message and that of the Qur'an. Paraphrased in this chapter is a collection of thirty-five verses from the Qur'an on the subject.

The Bible gives specific predictions of what will precede the final judgment. Prophecies concerning the spread of the gospel to every nation (Matthew 24:14), career of the Anti-Christ (Revelation 13) and actual location of the final world conflict (Revelation 16:16) are only a few of the numerous predictions. Specific predictions are completely missing from the Qur'an, but there is a much more striking difference.

The Qur'an does not mention a central Biblical message, which has to do with the triumphal return of Jesus Christ. The Bible reveals that the Lord Jesus will be seated in the center of God's throne, as both Savior and Judge (Matthew 25, Revelation 7:16-17). The one Qur'an passage, which mentions Jesus on Judgment Day, pictures him on trial being questioned by Allah. Allah asks Jesus whether or not he claimed that he and his mother were two gods besides Allah to which Jesus replies that he would never have said such a thing (5:115-117).

The Qur'an does not proclaim that Jesus is coming as the Savior of those who believed in his Lordship. Actually, there is no salvation in Islam. If anyone goes to the Islamic Eternal Gardens it will be because he died in battle fighting for Islam or he was characterized by four things; that Allah gave him guidance to believe in Islam, his good deeds were weighty, religious rituals were observed and Allah had mercy on him.

The Qur'an Says…

Jesus Questioned

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. Jesus will be asked if he told mankind to worship him and his mother as two gods besides Allah. Jesus will strongly deny it (5:115-117).

Sun

On the Judgment Day the sun will be folded up (81:1).

Sun and Moon Collide

The sun and the moon will come together (75:9).

Stars

The stars will fall down (81:2).

Mountains

The mountains will blow away (81:3).

Infant Girls

The babies who were buried alive (because they were females) will be raised and questioned as to why that happened to them (81:8-9).

Sky

The sky will be torn in two (55:37).

Resurrection

On that day the dead will be cast out of their graves and all their deeds will be exposed (100:9-10).

Earth

The earth will be ground into a powder (89:21).

Books

Each person will be handed a book of their faith and works. If the person receives the book in their right hand then he will have a light punishment. If it is given to them behind their back then they will burn in hell (84:7-12).

Ladders to Heaven

On the Judgment Day, the Spirit and the angels will climb up ladders to heaven in one day (70:4).

Fifty Thousand Years

The Day of Judgment will be one day which will last the span of fifty thousand years (70:4).

Coming Very Soon

The unbelievers think the Day of Judgment will not be soon but Muslims know that it will come quickly (70:6-7).

No Redemption

To redeem himself from the torment of the Day of Judgment, the sinner would gladly sacrifice his children, wife, brother, relative and every person in the world. The flames of hell will pluck out the hair from the sinner's head because he did not believe and stored up his wealth (70:10-18).

Throne

On the Judgment Day the sky will weaken and be torn apart. The tearing open of the sky will reveal eight angels who will be seen carrying the throne of Allah above their heads (69:15-17).

Scales

On the Day of Resurrection, everyone's actions will be weighed on scales. Even acts as small as a grain of mustard seed will be weighed out (21:47).

Chapter Nine

Paradise

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Eternal life is not called 'heaven' in the Qur'an. The Muslim concept of a heavenly reward is much different than it is described in the Bible. Thirty-seven paraphrased verses from the Qur'an are included in this chapter to better explain the Muslim view of the Gardens of Paradise.

The Qur'an describes these gardens as places of sensual pleasures. Some of these pleasures were those denied to Muslims while on earth. On earth, Muslim men were limited in the number of wives they could have at one time. The Qur'an promises an unlimited supply of virgins waiting for them on plush cushions in protected tents. Another earthly restriction was against the drinking of alcohol. In the Eternal Gardens there are endless supplies of wine, which can be drunk without harmful consequences. The residents of the Gardens are continually grateful.

The image of heaven, revealed in the Bible, does not include sexual relations. The Lord Jesus made it clear that those in heaven will not be married, but will be like the angels of God (Matthew 22:30). The prevailing image of heaven in the Bible is that of worship of God and fellowship between people from every ethnic group (Revelation 7:9).

The Qur'an Says…

Desires Met

The afterlife of Muslims will be a place where all their desires are not only met but exceeded (50:35).

Endless Fountain of Wine

The righteous will drink from a endlessly flowing fountain of wine, which is mixed with Kafur water (76:5-6). It will be a white wine that will not intoxicate those in the Garden of Bliss (37:45-47).

Gardens

The delights of the afterlife will take place in two gardens full of all kinds of sensual pleasures (55:46-48). In addition, there are two other gardens, which are also filled with delights in them (55:62).

Virgins

In the Gardens are fruits, shade, fountains and virgins. The virgins are bashful and as beautiful as rubies and corals (55:56,58). There will be additional dark eyed heavenly companions in the second set of Gardens who will be forced to stay in their large peaked tents. Neither men nor genies will have touched them. Their chastity will be safe until the arrival of those who are granted admission to Paradise. They wait reclining on green cushions and beautiful carpets (55:70-76). These companions will all be equally high breasted (youthful) (78:33). In the gardens, the Muslims will be united in sexual relations with companions ('houris') who have beautiful, large and dark eyes (52:20, 44:54, 2:25). Virgins will surround them who are bashful with large delicate eyes like eggs (37:48-49).

Handsome Boy Servants

They will be served by devoted youths who are as handsome as valuable pearls. They will wait on their every need (52:24).

Food and Drink

In the Garden on high, Muslims will eat and drink to their heart's content (69:24).

Praise and Fellowship

In the Gardens of Delight rivers will run at the feet of the residents. They will cry out their praise and greet one another by saying, 'Peace!' (10:9-10). They give glory night and day without getting tired (41:38).

Gold and Silk

Those in the Gardens of Eternity will be adorned with bracelets of gold and dressed in fine green silk which have raised designs of gold woven into them (18:31, 35:33).

Earthly Wives and Families

Muslims, whose children followed Islam, will be reunited with them in the Gardens of Bliss so that the fathers will not be deprived of what they accomplished on earth (52:21). Muslims will enter the Gardens of Eden, as will all of their fathers, wives and offspring who followed Islam (13:23).

Mansions

It is a commandment to believe in Allah and Mohammed. It is mandatory to fight for Islam with everything the Muslims have, even with their lives, so that Allah will forgive their sins and allow them into the Gardens of Eden where they will have large residences (61:11-12). Those who deserve it will have lofty mansions at the foot of which will flow rivers (39:20).

Chapter Ten

Hell

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

One of the more significant differences between the Bible and the Qur'an is the emphasis placed on Hell. The Bible's New Testament only mentions Hell fourteen times. None of the references contain a great deal of specifics. Even though the Qur'an is a shorter text than the New Testament, Hell is mentioned ninety-five times (repetitious verses are not covered in this collection of forty-seven verses). Mohammed often used references to Hell as a threat to those who would reject the Qur'an.

The Bible associates Hell with Gehenna, which was the garbage dump outside of Jerusalem where the trash constantly burned. It generally described it as a place of outer darkness, weeping and fire. The Bible proclaims that Hell is the inevitable end of people unless God rescues them. God loved the world so much that he came in Christ Jesus to suffer death and Hell as a substitute for all those who would accept his forgiveness and eternal life. One person rescued was the thief who was crucified next to Jesus. He simply defended the Lord against the mocking of the other criminal and asked to be remembered when Jesus came into his kingdom. The Lord Jesus promised him that they would be together in Paradise (Luke 23:39-43).

The Qur'an repeats the Biblical principle of a fiery Hell, but goes further to describe very physical aspects of torture. The specific details include beatings by angels and marching in chains. It gets so detailed that it contradicts itself at times. For example, it says that the only food in Hell will be 'dari' or a bitter plant. Then the Qur'an states that the only food would be filth, and later it states that their food will be the fruit from the Zaqqum tree. Another conflicting portrayal has to do with chains. The lost will either march pulling a heavy load, be dragged through boiling water and fire, or linked together with others in a pit.

One of the main objections that Muslims have with the Bible is the free gift of forgiveness offered by God (Ephesians 2:8-10). The Bible reveals that the cross of Christ and the victory of his resurrection defeated the powers of Hell for those who believe, which gives them the motivation and ability to live for God. Muslims insist that the threat of Hell must always be in front of everyone, even Muslims, so that they will live good lives.

The Qur'an Says…

Fill Hell

If Allah had willed he could have given everyone true guidance, but the word of Allah is that he will fill Hell with men and genies (32:13, 11:119, 7:18).

Fire

The wicked will burn in Hell (82:14). The fire is kindled by Allah and will be chest high, vaulted above them and surrounding them in columns (104:6-9). On the Day of Judgment, people will be shoved into the fire of Hell as they are told that it is the fire they denied existed and they will burn there as a result of their deeds (52:11-16).

Drink

The unbelievers on Judgment Day will be given boiling water to drink (88:5).

Food

The only food will be 'dari' (a bitter and thorny plant which looks and smells bad). It will not satisfy their hunger (88:6). The only food will be the filth, which comes from the washing of wounds (69:36). Their food will be from the Zaqqum tree which grows on the edge of Hell with fruit resembling the devil's head on which they will eat their fill, drink boiling water and be thrown back into Hell (37:62-68).

Chains

People will be made to march in chains seventy cubits long (69:32). Those that disagree with any of the Scriptures (Bible or Qur'an) that the apostles have been given will have shackles put on their necks and be dragged through boiling water and thrown into fire on the Judgment Day (40:69-72). They will be chained together and thrown in a narrow place where they will beg for death (25:13).

Mocking Questions

The sinners will be questioned by those in the garden Paradise, 'What did you do to be sent to Hell?' The answer will be that they did not pray or feed the hungry, gossiped and denied belief in the Day of Judgment (74:40-46). The occupants of Paradise will mock those in Hell (7:44-50).

Never Ending

The torment will never stop nor will those in Hell ever be reprieved (16:85).

Beaten by Angels

When an unbeliever dies, angels carry off his soul as they beat him in the face and across his back saying, 'Taste the torment of Hell's fire' (8:50).

Rods of Iron

The unbelievers will be whipped with rods of iron (22:21).

Chapter Eleven

Salvation

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

The title of this chapter is misleading. Muslims are not saved. Every Muslim would acknowledge this fact because there is no real concept of salvation in Islamic teachings as the following collection of twenty-eight verses demonstrates. Salvation is a purely Christian experience because only Jesus Christ taught that he was 'God with us' to save all those who believe in him. The Qur'an does not portray Mohammed as a Savior.

Without a Savior, the Muslims must depend on their own good deeds, which may be rewarded by a dispensation of Allah's mercy. Christians believe that the Lord Jesus Christ suffered the cross in their place so that they might have the 'free gift' of eternal life (Ephesians 2:8-10). They have received this gift by faith and are baptized into communion with the Holy Spirit of God and the global church. Most Muslims feel this belief is dangerous to society. They believe that the threat of Hell is necessary to prompt righteous living and good deeds. If salvation is a gift, then they wonder what could possibly motivate a person to live a good life.

Yet, Christians are famous for their good deeds as seen in the multitude of Christian hospitals, schools, orphanages and other programs around the world. These good deeds are not done to earn entrance into God's Kingdom but rather as a response to God's saving grace in the cross and victorious resurrection of Christ. Christians report that the Holy Spirit of God living in them motivates them.

The Qur'an offers only one way that a Muslim may feel assured of his place in the Eternal Gardens. This 'way' still depends on one's works. It teaches that the person who dies fighting for Islam is permitted into the Gardens of sensual delights.

The Qur'an Says…

No Savior

On the Judgment Day no one will be able to help anyone else (82:19, 35:18, 39:7).

Works Recorded

Each person has guardians who record every one of their good and bad deeds so that on the Day of Judgment the righteous will be in happiness and the wicked will be in fire where there will be no escape (82:10-15). On that day even the smallest good or bad deed will be exposed (99:7-8).

Scales

Every person's works are weighed on a scale, which will be examined on the Judgment Day. If their good works are heavy, they will have eternal happiness. If they are light his home will be the bottomless fiery Pit (101:4-11).

Devils

Allah sends devils upon the unbelievers to provoke them to angry rebellion (19:83).

Prayers

Those who hold up Allah's throne and surround it, constantly pray that those Muslims who deserve it would be forgiven (40:7-9).

Mercy for the Muslims

Allah will have mercy on the righteous, those who are charitable, believe in his revelations and those who follow the Prophet (who can neither read nor write) whom people will find mentioned in the Torah (Old Testament Law) and the Gospel (New Testament) (7:156-157, 39:9).

Secret Contributions

Publishing your alms giving is fine, but atonement for some of your sins will be achieved if you give money to the poor in secret (2:271).

Good Works Doubled

Each man's works will be weighed fairly even to the weight of the smallest particle. Each good deed will be repaid double (4:40).

Chapter Twelve

Free Will - Predestination

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

One subject that the Bible and the Qur'an have in common is that of free will and predestination. The Bible clearly presents both the responsibility of people to believe and the fact that no one can believe without the inspiration and initiation of God (John 6:35-51). It is a paradox with which Christian theologians have wrestled for centuries. Some scholars find ample support in the Bible for a 'free will' stand on the issue, while others believe the Bible clearly teaches God's sovereignty over all things, including salvation. Still others believe the Bible presents these truths as existing simultaneously in a relationship that can only be fully understood by God.

Since the Qur'an was recorded hundreds of years after the Holy Scriptures, it naturally echoes many themes of the Bible and the paradox between 'choose' and 'chosen' exists in that text as well. In comparison, the Qur'an verses are more extreme than their Biblical counterparts in their bold contrast. The Qur'an verses on the responsibility of people to decide are very emphatic, while the verses for Allah's control over who believes and who does not believe are also stated strongly.

Christians are used to taking such paradoxes in the same spirit that they view the doctrine of the Holy Trinity. They believe that some truths are beyond understanding because God's ways are higher than our limited comprehension. Many Muslims, however, struggle with this paradox of free will and predestination. A Muslim reading this collection of twenty-six verses might have a real conflict of faith because they believe everything taught in the Qur'an must be completely logical. They believe the same 'logical' standards are innate in all people, which gives them an additional reason to reject the Holy Trinity, but they are left with this illogical yet divine paradox of free will and predestination.

The Qur'an Says…

Decisions

The Qur'an is a warning to all men: to those who have the will to walk straight or upright, yet no one can decide to do so except the ones who are given that ability by Allah (81:27-29, 76:29-30).

The Test

Man was created from a drop of semen for the purpose of being tested. He is given sight, hearing and instructions to see whether he will be grateful and go to paradise. In paradise there will be drinking of wine flowing from a constant fountain while in Hell there will be chains, harnesses and blazing fire (76:2-6).

Guidance

Allah guides whom he pleases to the straight way (10:25). Allah decides who will be left to stray and who will be guided (35:8). Allah opens or hardens hearts to Islam (39:18-22). He gives some little and others much (39:52).

Faith

No one can have faith unless Allah gives him permission. Allah will severely punish those who do not have the sense to believe (10:100).

Ordained Misfortune

Allah decrees ahead of time every bad thing that happens to the earth or individuals (57:22).

Control over All Creatures

There is not a living creature whose hair is not in the grasp of Allah (11:56).

Created for Hell

Whomever Allah guides follows the right way and whoever he causes to be led astray will be the losers. Many men and genies are already created for Hell (7:178,179).

Allah Causes Error

It is impossible for a person to correct those who Allah has caused to be in error (4:88).

Personal Responsibility

Those who reject Allah's communications are deaf and dumb. They are in utter darkness. Allah misleads some and puts others on the right way (6:39). Apostles give good news and warnings to mankind. Those who believe and mend their ways will have nothing to fear and not regret. But those who deny Allah's revelations will be punished for their sins (6:48,49).

Evil Leaders Placed and Punished

Allah has placed evil leaders in every town who plot evil. Soon they will be punished for their evil plans (6:123, 124).

Fill Hell

If Allah had willed he could have given everyone true guidance, but the word of Allah is that he will fill Hell with men and genies (32:13, 11:119, 7:18).

Chapter Thirteen

Human Characteristics Ascribed to Allah

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

One of the major criticisms that Muslims have about the Bible is that it ascribes physical features to God. They say that the Bible is flawed in this respect since the Almighty should never be described as having human characteristics. Many Muslims believe that the Bible insults God in this way.

Even though the Qur'an was built on the credibility of the Bible, most Muslims attack the Scriptures by claiming that they have been altered. Some go so far to believe that Christians must have added verses to the Old Testament in order to make God more human. They suggest that the Christians did this to support their 'false claim' that Jesus was God incarnate and assert that the Qur'an does not describe Allah in a physical way. This argument has three difficulties.

It is not logical. Why would the Jews include verses invented by the Christians into the writings of their Holy Scriptures? It is a fact that the Jews and Christians have always revered the same 'Old Testament' Scriptures.

It is not historical. Any hope that this accusation was true was put to rest by an amazing manuscript discovery. In 1947 Bedouin shepherds in Israel found hand written copies of Jewish Scriptures which were copied before the advent of Christianity. They are referred to as the Dead Sea Scrolls. They had been preserved within jars in caves to protect them from the Romans of the first century. They offer conclusive evidence that the Christians did not alter the Scriptures of the Old Testament.

It is not valid. The argument is built on the assumption that the Qur'an does not ascribe human characteristics to Allah and yet this collection of thirty-three verses demonstrates that it does. Allah is carried on a throne by eight angels. Allah's face and hands are mentioned as well as the use of his senses. His activities include counting, judging and testing. He has emotions such as his abhorrence of non-Muslims. His activities include holding the sky from falling. Of course, Muslims would hasten to point out that these are metaphors. Christians explain these types of references in the Bible in the same way.

Christians have no problems with similar references in the Bible for several additional reasons. The Good News in the Bible is that people are made in the image of God which means that they experience similar emotions, thoughts and desires as the Almighty, yet His ways are infinitely more exalted (Isaiah 55:8,9). The Bible proclaims that God is not a distant deity. On the contrary, he is completely aware of all of our struggles.

The Bible reveals that God (Yahweh) came as a man in Jesus to be tempted in every way yet remained without sin. Jesus came as the Word of God in the flesh to save all those who believe in his cross and resurrection. Even though the Qur'an ascribes some human characteristics to Allah, the Allah of the Qur'an does not come close to the personal involvement that the God of the Bible has with His creation.

The Qur'an Says…

Throne

After the heavens were finished, the one who built it went up to his throne in heaven and from there continues to keep the heavens and the earth from disappearing (13:2, 57:4, 35:41). On the judgment day the sky will be torn apart and eight angels will be seen carrying the throne of Allah above their heads (69:15-17, 39:75). Those who hold up Allah's throne and surround it constantly pray that those Muslims who deserve it would be forgiven (40:7-9).

Holds the Sky from Falling

Allah holds up the sky. It will not fall unless he wants it to do so (22:65).

Face

Every living thing on the earth will die, but his face is eternal (55:26-27).

Judge

He (Allah) is the best of judges (95:8, 10:109).

Taking a Vow

He (Allah) vows by the dawn and the ten nights, by the even and odd, and by the night when it departs or comes… this surely is a great oath for a reasonable man (92:1-5). He swears by the sun and the moon, by the day and the night (91:1,2).

Experiencing Emotions

He (Allah) is pleased (98:8). He (Allah) abhors those who reject Islam (40:10). Allah does not love those who reject Islam (30:45).

Right and Left Hand Sides

At the final judgment Muslims will stand on his right hand side and those who deny the teachings of the Qur'an will stand on his left hand side (90:17-19).

Counts

He (Allah) takes a careful count of all people so that they will appear before him alone for judgment (19:94-95).

Tests

Allah will test the believers until he discovers who among them will persevere (47:31).

Appearance on Earth

The voice Moses heard from the burning tree said, 'Moses, I am Allah…' (28:30). Allah was in the fire and all around it (27:8).

Watches

Allah stands watching over every soul to know everything that is done (13:33). If three men talk in secret Allah is the fourth. If there are four, he is the fifth. If there are five, he is the sixth (58:7).

Hears

Allah heard the conversation between a divorced woman and Mohammed (58:1). He hears and sees everything (4:134).

Hand of Allah

Pledging loyalty, allegiance and devotion to Mohammed is like pledging it to Allah. When they put their hands together Allah's hand is on top of theirs (48:10). His hands are outstretched (5:64).

Chapter Fourteen

Bible Characters in the Qur'an

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Throughout the Qur'an, Mohammed recited stories about Biblical characters. He did it so often that this collection covers four hundred and twelve verses. Some of the stories agreed with their Biblical counterparts but most were very different. This is a problem for the Muslims because the Qur'an claims to agree with the Holy Bible. For the Christians and Jews of Mohammed's day, they were sure that their Holy Scriptures were the inspired and authentic accounts of the ancient prophets and Christ's apostles. The contradictions, between the Biblical version and Qur'anic version of events, were a sign to many of them that Mohammed was a false prophet.

For example, the Bible does not say that Satan was condemned for not worshiping Adam or that Solomon conversed with and commanded flocks of birds. The Bible does not say that Abraham built the Kaaba in Mecca and prayed for an Arab prophet to come with revelations. It does not say that Jesus created live birds out of clay nor does the Bible teach that Jesus predicted the coming of Mohammed. The Qur'an rejects the divinity of Jesus which is clearly a Biblical message. The Qur'an denies that Jesus gave his life on the cross. It reduces Jesus from Incarnate Savior to equality with the prophets.

In addition to this conflict, there seems to be historical problems in the Qur'an's stories of Biblical characters. Pharaoh is said to have crucified his magicians, who converted to monotheism. This form of execution was a torture invented by the Roman Empire centuries later. The Samaritans are said to have built the golden calf during the time of Moses, yet at that time there was no place called Samaria or race called Samaritans. The Qur'an states that the Blessed Mary, mother of Jesus, was the sister of Aaron, yet the Bible reveals that Miriam was the sister of Aaron and Moses. Throughout the ages, critics of the Qur'an have believed that Mohammed confused Mary and Miriam.

All of these differences and contradictions are a serious problem for Islam. They are a problem because the Qur'an commands that Muslims testify to a strong belief in the Bible, while at the same time the Qur'an conflicts with the Bible. The only way out of this dilemma is for Muslims to claim that the Jews and Christians have changed the Bible.

Christians answer this accusation by presenting overwhelming evidence to the contrary. Such discoveries as the Dead Sea Scrolls and the thousands of ancient New Testament manuscripts comprise just part of the evidence. Comparisons between the massive amount of these hand written ancient Bibles makes it obvious that the Jews and Christians copied their Holy Books with reverence. They must have taken the final verses of the Book of Revelation very seriously which warns of terrible consequences to anyone who would attempt to change a single letter of God's Word (Revelation 22:18-21).

The Qur'an Says…

Satan, Adam and Eve

When the angels were told to prostrate themselves before Adam, all of them worshiped before Adam except the genie (jinn) Satan (18:50). Satan was to bow before Adam after Allah had fashioned Adam out of clay and breathed Allah's spirit into him. Satan was proud and did not believe Allah's message because it was illogical. Why would Allah ask the angels to worship a creature made from clay when Satan was created from fire (38:71-76)? Satan was cast out of Paradise because he would not bow to Adam. Allah gave him a reprieve till the Day of Judgment. Satan vowed to take revenge on Allah, who had led him into sin, by attacking humanity. Satan stripped the humans of their clothes to reveal their shame. He seduced Adam and Eve to eat from the tree that Allah had forbidden them to approach. Adam and Eve begged for mercy so they were allowed to live (7:11-27, 20:115-122, 38:71-85, 2:30-37).

Noah

Noah urged the idolaters of his day to save themselves from the flood. When the flood came, Noah prayed that his sins would be forgiven, as well as the sins of his parents and the sins of every believer who found refuge in his house. He prayed that none of the unbelievers would be spared. He asked for the increased destruction of the wrongdoers (71:1-28, 10:71-73). Noah took a pair of every species and the believers into the ark, but his son stayed behind sure that he would find refuge on a mountain. Noah's son died with the wicked (11:25-48). Noah lived among his people for nine hundred and fifty years before the flood came (29:14).

Good and Bad Wives

Remember the example of the wives of Noah and Lot. They were married to righteous servants and they deceived them. They both entered the fire of Hell. Pharaoh's wife, on the other hand, converted and was rescued from those who do wrong. Mary, daughter of Imran, was one who guarded her chastity. Allah breathed into Mary his Spirit and she testified to the truth (66:10-12).

Lot

Lot condemned homosexuality as indecent and ignorant. Allah made Lot's wife stay behind, but Lot and his tribe escaped the city before Allah rained down judgment on them (27:54-57, 26:160-175). A shower of clay stones destroyed Sodom (51:33).

Jonah

Jonah was a messenger of Allah. He ran away aboard a heavily loaded ship. He cast lots with the sailors and was one of the losers. Then a fish swallowed him because he had done something that was wrong. If he had not been one that worshiped Allah he would have remained inside the fish till Judgment Day. Allah ejected him onto a beach. He was sick. Allah caused a gourd plant to grow over him. Jonah was then sent to one hundred thousand people or more who believed so Allah gave them pleasure for a period of time (37:139-148).

Job Beats His Wife

After Satan afflicted Job, Allah told him to stamp his foot on the ground and a spring of water came forth to relieve his sufferings. His relationships were restored. Allah told him to fulfill his oath using a branch. (Muslim tradition says that this refers to an oath he made to beat his wife. Translations disagree on what Job was to use for the beating; 'bunch of twigs', 'green grass', or a green branch.) (38:41-44).

Lie of Abraham the Youth

Abraham, while still a youth, destroyed all of his people's idols except the main one. He then lied and told the people that it was the main idol that destroyed the others. He challenged them to ask the idol (21:58-63).

Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac

Abraham was a saint and prophet. He argued with his father concerning idolatry until his father threatened to stone him to death and told him to leave home. When Abraham rejected his people and their idols, he was given Isaac and Jacob each of whom were made prophets of great renown (19:41-50). Abraham dreamed that he sacrificed his son (unnamed). His son was told about this and encouraged his father to fulfill the dream. Abraham threw his son face down on the ground. The son was spared at the last minute and a noble sacrifice was offered to ransom him. It was a test for which Abraham was blessed. Isaac was given to Abraham. Isaac became a saintly prophet (37:83-113).

Ishmael

Ishmael was also a messenger, prophet and honest man. He preached that people should pray and give alms. Allah was pleased with him (19:54-55).

Ishmael and Abraham Prepare the Kaaba

Allah made the Kaaba and commanded that Abraham and Ishmael sanctify it as a Muslim place of worship in Mecca. It was to be made holy for those who would walk around it and pray there by kneeling and laying on their face. They prayed that Allah would send an Arab prophet who would bring the people revelations and teach the Bible (2:125-131).

Abraham's Test of the Resurrection

Abraham asked Allah for evidence for the resurrection of the dead. Allah told him to cut up four birds and scatter their parts on different mountaintops. He was to then call them and they would fly to him (2:260).

Abraham Establishes Mecca Rituals

Allah told Abraham to establish Mecca as a place of worship by circling the Kaaba, prayer and pilgrimage (22:26-29).

First Temple

The first temple or sanctuary ever appointed or built for mankind was at Mecca. It is where Abraham stood and prayed. It is a mandate from Allah that all who can afford the trip must visit this place (3:96,97).

Israel's Reverence for the Bible

The lineage of Adam, Noah, Abraham and Israel were guided and chosen people who fell down on their faces in worship and tears when Allah revealed his signs and words to them (19:58).

Joseph

When the brothers of Joseph sold him into slavery, they told Jacob that Joseph had been killed. Jacob did not believe them. Joseph went to Egypt and became a slave of Aziz. The wife of Aziz tried to seduce Joseph. She locked the doors and tried to entice Joseph and he was miraculously kept from giving in to her advances. As he raced for the door she tore his shirt from behind which proved to the master and community that he was the one being pursued. In response to the gossip of the local ladies, the master's wife gave a banquet for the women of the city and gave each a knife. When they saw Joseph they cut their hands because he was so handsome and proclaimed that he was not a mortal but an angel. The master's wife announced that unless Joseph had sexual relations with her, she was going to put him in a prison among the worst criminals. When Joseph heard this he prayed that he would be protected from their seductive traps and his own youthful sexual desires. To protect him from the women and from his own lust, the Egyptians put Joseph in a jail. While in jail, Joseph predicted that one of his fellow prisoners would be executed. Pharaoh did have him executed by crucifixion. As a part of the reunion with his family, Joseph heals Jacob of blindness. This agrees with and confirms the story (of Joseph) in the Bible (12:1-111).

Moses

Moses was a chosen messenger and prophet along with his brother Aaron. Allah called him from the right side of the mountain and brought him near to himself to have direct communication with him (19:51-53). He was summoned from the valley of Towa and sent to Pharaoh. He performed the great miracle but it did not alter Pharaoh's rebellious acts, which caused Pharaoh to be punished (79:15-25). Moses prayed that the Egyptian's hearts would be hardened till they were punished and Allah granted his request. The Israelites were led across the sea and the Egyptian troops drown which caused Pharaoh to convert to Islam. The Israelites settled in a beautiful land that was given them. They were given revelation but divided into different factions (10:75-93).

Different Burning Bush Accounts

(There are somewhat conflicting stories of Moses in 28:1-43, 27:7-14, 26:9-56, 20:9-97, 7:103-156 which are listed here in the approximate order in which they were recited by Mohammed. One example of this deals with Moses' encounter with the burning bush.) 1. Allah called to Moses from a bush on the right side of the valley and said, 'O Musa, surely I am Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Cast down your staff' (28:30-31). 2. When Moses approached the burning bush he heard a voice say, 'Blessed is whoever is in the fire and whatever is around it and glorified be Allah, the Lord of the worlds. O Moses! Lo! It is I, Allah, the mighty, the wise. Throw down your staff' (27:7-10). 3. The voice said, 'Moses, I, even I, am your Lord so take off your shoes, for lo, you are in the holy valley of Tuwa. Listen to me because you are chosen. There is no other god but Allah so serve me, worship and pray regularly. Judgment Day is coming so believers must not follow their evil desires or they will be destroyed. What do you have in your hand? Moses replied that he had a rod that he uses to rest on, prepare food for the sheep and other purposes. Allah said, toss it Moses' (20:11,19).

Teacher of Moses

Moses decided to travel for years to where the two seas come together. After he and his attendant had journeyed far they stopped for a meal but the attendant grieved that at their former stop the fish had miraculously escaped into the sea. On their return trip they met a teacher who told Moses that he could follow him if he asked no questions. Moses agreed. Yet, when the teacher drilled a hole in their boat, Moses forgot and complained. Then, the teacher killed a young man. Moses questioned the killing of an innocent boy. The teacher fixed a wall for a town that refused them hospitality, and when the teacher did not ask for a fee, Moses forgot again and questioned him. Finally, the teacher explained that he sank the boat to protect its owners from a king who attacked all sailors. The teacher had killed the boy because his parents were people of faith and the teacher feared that the boy would have saddened his parents with rebellion and ingratitude. The teacher desired that a better son replace the first one. The wall belonged to orphans who would some day find a treasure buried beneath the wall (18:60-82).

Conversions of Pharaoh's Magicians

(One version of the story) Moses started the contest. He challenged the magicians to throw their ropes and staffs down. The magicians were sure they would win but when Moses threw his staff it devoured their deceptive items. In response, the magicians fell face down in worship and said, 'We believe in the Lord of the worlds, the Lord of Moses and Aaron. Then Pharaoh threatened to cut off their hands and feet on opposite sides and execute them on a cross' (26:43-49). (Another version) The magicians started the contest by asking Moses if he wanted to go first. Moses replied, 'No, you go first!' So they did and their magic frightened Moses. Allah spoke to him a message of encouragement. (The implication is that Moses won.) After the contest the magicians said, 'We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses,' so Pharaoh threatened to cut off their hands and feet on alternate sides and crucify them on palm trees (20:65-71).

Samaritans Build the Golden Calf

When Moses met with his Lord on the mountain, Moses was in a rush because the Jews were trying to follow him. Moses was told that Allah had put the Jews to the test while he was away, so he hurried back to find that they had made a golden image of a calf which made a mooing sound. When Moses scolded them they reported that they were innocent. They were only doing what the Samaritans ordered. The Samaritans are the ones who built the idol. Moses punished them severely (20:83-97).

David

David repented of his sin of lust after two men asked him to judge their dispute about one who had ninety-nine sheep and the other who had one. The first took the one sheep of the other. David realized that this was a test for him and repented of his sin of lust (the specifics are not given). He was forgiven (38:17-26).

Ark Carried by Angels

During Saul's reign as King, a prophet announced the coming of the ark. In it were relics from the house of Moses and Aaron. Angels carried it. Shortly afterwards David killed Goliath. (2:247-253)

Solomon

Solomon could communicate with animals. He gathered an army of genies, men and birds and dressed them for battle. They came to the Valley of the Ants where an ant told her sister to go underground for safety. Solomon overheard her and smiled and thanked Allah for blessing him. He inspected his troops of birds and found one species missing (the lapwing) and exclaimed his fierce anger. He threatened them with death but they arrived with news. The birds told Solomon about a wonderful woman from Sheba who worshiped the sun. Solomon sent a message back, with the birds, to the Queen of Sheba (that started with the Muslim proclamation) stating, 'In the Name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.' In the message Solomon demanded that the Queen visit him. She sent a gift of gold instead and Solomon told the Queen's ambassadors to return to Sheba with the news that his forces would attack them and exile all their people in complete humiliation. In response, the Queen began her journey to visit Solomon. While she was on her way a person, very knowledgeable in the Holy Bible, miraculously brought her throne to Solomon's court. It was altered in appearance to see if she was wise enough to recognize it. When she stepped into the court she lifted her skirts thinking the shiny floor was water. She grieved that she had committed a terrible sin in exposing her ankle, which caused her to convert to belief in Allah (27:15-44).

Solomon Kills His Horses

Solomon realized one evening that his love for his well-trained horses was interfering with his prayers. He repented and went among his fine steeds slashing their legs and necks (38:30-33).

Solomon Replaced by a Dead Body

Allah put a dead body on Solomon's throne and it remained there till he repented (38:34-35).

Solomon Commands the Wind and Genies

Solomon was allowed to command the wind to blow in whatever direction he chose to send it. He also had command over genies including those who could build and dive. Some of them were in chains (38:36-40, 21:82).

Solomon and Genies

Allah gave Solomon a fountain of molten brass and genies who slaved in front of him to make anything Solomon wanted. They made statues, shrines, and giant basins. If they turned away to rest, they faced a punishment from Allah of blazing fire. Even after Solomon died, the genies kept serving him. The fact that their servitude was over was hidden from them because his corpse did not fall. They discovered the fact when a worm ate away at the staff causing Solomon's body to collapse (34:12-14).

Mary and Zacharias

Mary's mother, the wife of Imran, dedicated her daughter to Allah while she was still in the womb. After Mary was born she lived in the temple under the care of Zacharias. Every day, when Zacharias visited her in the shrine, he discovered that Mary had food to eat. He wondered where it came from. Mary told him that it was from Allah (3:36,37).

Zacharias - Father of John the Baptist

Zacharias pleaded in prayer for a son in his old age. An answer came concerning his prayer that he would have a son and he was to give him a name that no man had ever been given before, 'John.' Because he questioned the answer, he was without speech for three days and three nights. He immediately went out and encouraged everyone to worship day and night (19:1-15, 3:38-41).

John the Baptist

John was commanded to love and observe the Holy Scriptures (Old Testament). He was given wisdom, compassion and purity even as a child. He grew up a righteous and humble man who was dutiful to his father and mother (19:12-15).

First Story of Mary

(Translations disagree concerning how Mary secluded herself from others.) Mary either put up a veil or traveled to a lonely place in the east. In this solitary place, a spirit appeared to her as a man in every respect. Mary was afraid, but he claimed to be a messenger with news that she would have a Holy Son. She wondered how it would be possible since she was a virgin. He went on to say that the son would be a revelation for mankind and mercy from Allah. To conceive the child, she went to a far away place. When labor began she laid down under a palm tree. The pain was so terrible that Mary exclaimed that she wished she had died before this and become a nonexistent and forgotten thing. Then a voice comforted her with the news that a river would flow past her for drink and dates would fall upon her if she shook the trunk of the palm tree. She was instructed to avoid any conversation by telling others, 'I am fasting and can not speak.' When she took the baby to her hometown, the people exclaimed, 'Sister of Aaron, your father did not sleep with prostitutes and your mother was not a harlot.' They suspected that she gave birth to an illegitimate child. In her defense, Mary pointed to the baby who miraculously spoke from the cradle to announce that he was a prophet of Allah. This is the story of the birth of Jesus the son of Mary. He was not Allah's son since Allah does not have offspring. Allah just willed Mary to have a son and she conceived (19:16-35).

Second Story of Mary

The angel appeared to Mary. He proclaimed that she was chosen as superior to all the women of the world. He said that she must worship. The angel predicted several things about her child (Jesus). He would speak to the Jews in his childhood and as an adult. Her child would be righteous. He would be a Word from Allah and his name would be Christ (Messiah) Jesus, son of Mary. He would be revered in this age and for eternity. Jesus would be one of those nearest to Allah in Paradise. He would be taught the Bible, Torah and Gospel. He would be an apostle to the Jews with miracles done by the permission of Allah; to create a live bird from clay, heal those born blind and the lepers, and to raise the dead. He would proclaim the Torah and permit the Jews to do some things that were formerly unlawful (3:42-50).

Jesus like Adam

Jesus is like Adam who was created from dust and Allah commanded him to 'be' and he lived (3:59).

Men Contest for Mary's Care

You, Mohammed, were not there when the men took pens (or arrows) and used them to decide which of them would take charge of Mary. You were also not there when they argued about the outcome of the contest (3:44).

Jesus Preached from the Cradle

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. Allah will ask Jesus if he remembered how he was strengthened by the Holy Spirit and was made to preach to men in his cradle and as a man (5:110).

Jesus Made a Live Bird from Clay

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. He will be asked if he remembered how he was instructed by Allah in the Bible and wisdom and how, by Allah's permission, he fashioned a bird from clay and breathed life into it (5:110).

Jesus Provided a Table From Heaven

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus. He will be among the other apostles. He will be asked if he remembered how, by Allah's permission, he healed the person born blind, cleansed the leper and raised the dead? The story of how Jesus was allowed to call down a table set with food for his followers will be recounted as well (5:110-115).

Jesus Denies an Abnormal Trinity

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. Jesus will be asked if he told mankind to worship him and his mother as two gods besides Allah. Jesus will strongly deny it (5:115-117).

Chapter Fifteen

Unusual Tales

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Included in the Qur'an are many unusual tales. These stories might be some of the' fables' that drew criticism from unbelievers who heard Mohammed recite them. The Qur'an itself admits that the unbelievers accused Mohammed of reciting fables as if they were actual history (16:24, 25:5, 68:15, 83:13).

What makes these stories unusual is obvious to non-Muslims today as well. There is a 'Rip Van Winkle' type of story that involves the sun changing its course to keep some youths asleep for 300 years. The Qur'an tells of a superman who traveled so far to the west that he witnessed where the sun came to rest, at the end of the day, in a muddy pool. Another tale is about how an army that used elephants was defeated by a flock of birds that dropped clay pellets on them till they were totally annihilated. Sabbath breaking Jews were turned into apes by Allah.

Some of the stories, included in this chapter's sixty-four paraphrased verses were lengthy. As was the case in the previous chapter on 'Bible Characters in the Qur'an,' these stories have been abridged.

The Qur'an Says…

The Sleepers

Some youths and their dog escaped the persecution of idol worshipers who wanted to punish them for their belief in monotheism. They were directed by Allah to a cave where they went to sleep for many years. The sun altered its course to help them. No one but Allah knows how many youths there were but some say seven. With the addition of their dog there were eight. No one but Allah knows how long they slept but some say it was three hundred and nine years (18:9-25).

Resurrection After 100 Years

A skeptic observed a ruined city and wondered how Allah would raise the bodies of its ancient inhabitants. Allah caused the skeptic to die and after one hundred years brought him back to life. He was asked how long he was away and answered only one day. He was told that he was gone for one hundred years. His food and drink were still fresh but his donkey had turned to dry bones. What happened to him will be a sign of the final resurrection for all mankind. (2:259)

Superman

A mighty man was made who could do anything. His name was Dhul-Qarnain. Among other things, he traveled on a road so far west that he saw where the sun landed in a pool of black mud. He traveled on another road so far to the East that he saw a kind of people who were close to the rising sun as it started its journey. They had been left without any protection against the nearness of the burning sun's rays. Another of his exploits was to construct a huge dam, which completely filled the space between two steep mountains. The dam was made of iron blocks coated with molten lead, which was so massive that the people of Gog and Magog could not scale it, or dig through it to disturb their neighbors. The great dam will survive until the Judgment Day (18:83-98).

Elephants and Birds

An army using elephants was once defeated by Allah. Flocks of birds pelted them with clay stones and completely mowed them down like a field that has been eaten by cattle (105:1-5).

Genies Converted

Some genies flew up to the top of the sky so they could eavesdropped on the reading of the Qur'an taking place in heaven. They saw the flaming darts, which are thrown at the genies to keep them away from hearing what is taking place around Allah's throne. They heard the message that Allah is one and that he has no wife or children and believed the message. They became Muslims. Thus, some genies are believers in Islam. Others are the fuel for the fires of hell (72:1-15).

Killing of Allah's Camel

The people of Thamoud were warned by the prophet Saleh to turn from idol worship but they argued with him. Saleh told them that a certain she-camel was Allah's and must not be harmed, but they killed her. Saleh prophesied that they would be punished after three days. On the morning of the predicted day they all laid dead in their homes as a result of a blast. They are all gone (11:61-68).

Sabbath Breakers Turned Into Apes

Jews are to remember how a group of Jewish Sabbath breakers were changed into detestable apes by Allah as an example for future generations (2:65,66).

Chapter Sixteen

Islamic Law

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

The Qur'an deals extensively with Islamic law as seen in this collection of one hundred and six verses. Islam is a very legalistic faith. It centers its message on the law. It emphasizes submission to both the commands found in the Qur'an and Islamic tradition found in Muslim history books called the 'Hadith.' Many of the rules in the Qur'an are a mixture of Biblical virtues, Arabic values and formerly pagan rituals.

Biblical values such as faith, obedience, prayer, charity, righteousness and marriage are evident in the Qur'an. This is to be expected since Muslims believe the Qur'an is a continuation of the teachings of the prophets of the Bible. Some of the values do parallel those in the Bible, yet others endorse Arabic customs of Mohammed's day. Marriage is one such virtue that can be used as an example of this fact. The Qur'an allows such things as polygamy, concubines who were captured in battle and a form of incest. The latter does not include blood relations, but a man may marry his stepdaughters as well as their mother. A man may marry his daughter-in-law as long as his adopted son has divorced her. Such rules are foreign to Christians.

Both Islam and Christianity emphasize the importance of righteous behavior, but 'The Golden Rule' is missing from the Qur'an and prominent in the Bible. This rule is 'In everything, do to others what you would have them do to you.' The Lord Jesus went on to proclaim that this rule 'sums up the Law and the Prophets' (Matthew 7:12 NIV). A similar teaching can not be found in the recitations by Mohammed in the Qur'an.

Another teaching that is unique to the Bible is 'grace.' The New Testament defines God's grace as His totally undeserved forgiveness and love for his chosen people. Knowing such love frees Christians from the anxiety of trying to do the impossible, earn God's favor, and empowers them to please God. They no longer live by the law, but by the Spirit (Romans 8:1-4).

One example, of how grace works in the lives of Christians, can be taken from a simple traffic situation. The person 'living by the law' enters a school zone and glances constantly at his speedometer to make sure he fulfills the law. The person 'living by the Spirit' enters a school zone, slows down and constantly glances around for children who might be crossing the street or chasing a loose ball. Christians report a motivation to fulfill the law that is more powerful than a fear of Hell.

This amazing grace is reflected in Christian rituals such as baptism and communion. These rituals were a continuation of those given to the Jews in the Old Testament known as circumcision and the Passover meal. The observance and meaning of these Jewish rituals were transformed for believers in the Messiah because of the cross and resurrection of Christ.

In the same way, the rituals required by Islamic law are a continuation of those practiced by idol worshipers who resided in Mecca before Mohammed. They, too, have been transformed by the Islamic form of monotheism. Actually, the pagans or idol worshipers of the time of Mohammed practiced most of the rituals which are required by the Qur'an. Such practices included pilgrimage to Mecca, circling the rectangular building called the Kaaba which is inside a large arena, visiting the sacred hills near Mecca and a month of fasting. For the pagans of Mohammed's tribe, Allah was the name of their most prominent deity. Mohammed's kinsmen of the Hashim tribe were keepers of the Kaaba in Mecca. It is a building measuring about 45 feet high, 33 feet wide, and 50 feet long. Mohammed claimed several things. He said that Allah was the only deity, Allah demanded the devotion of all people everywhere and that the pagan rituals were to continue with the exclusion of all the idols inside the Kaaba. The only thing inside the Kaaba that was allowed to stay was a black stone. Just as the pagans did before Mohammed, this stone (possibly a meteorite) is kissed in veneration by Muslims today as they circle around the Kaaba. Fulfilling these rituals is central to Islamic law since Muslims believe they were instituted by Abraham.

The Qur'an Says…

Statement of Faith

Muslims must say that Allah is one, the everlasting one, who has begotten no one and was not begotten himself. None is equal to him (112:1-4).

Reject gods

Do not be one of those who join gods with Allah (30:31).

Bow Toward Mecca

The unbelievers wonder why Mohammed first ordered the Muslims to pray towards Jerusalem and then changed it to Mecca (2:142). When you pray you must turn to the Kaaba in Mecca (2:144).

Formerly Pagan Rituals Continued

The two hills, Safa and Marwa, are symbols of Allah, so it is no sin for a person on pilgrimage to Mecca or a visitor to walk around them (as the pagans did as a part of their idol worship) (2:158).

Duty to Visit Mecca

The first temple or sanctuary ever appointed or built for mankind was at Mecca. It is where Abraham stood and prayed. It is a mandate from Allah that all Muslims who can afford the trip must visit this place (3:96,97).

Pagan Rituals Changed

When returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca, (the pagans would always enter their homes by the back door) Muslims may return to their homes by the front door. Which door one enters has nothing to do with righteousness. Fear Allah and enter from the proper door (2:189).

Fasting

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims are to fast during the day light hours. If they can not, they must ransom themselves by feeding a poor man. The phases of the moon were created so that mankind may know the seasons and when to go on a pilgrimage (2:183-189).

Friday

Hurry to worship on Fridays. Stop your work to do so. This is the law but most of Mohammed's companions abandoned him on Fridays if there were bargains or some amusements to distract them (62:9-11).

Fight

Allah will guide those who fight for the cause of Islam (29:69). Muslims are to fight everyone, even against Christians and Jews, who have rejected Islam, until they pay regular financial tribute with willing submission and feel themselves completely subjected to their Islamic conquerors (9:29). Fighting is an obligation for Muslims even though they may dislike it (2:216).

One Fifth the Spoils of War

Make war on the idol worshipers who will not surrender until Islam rules as the supreme religion. Give Mohammed, Mohammed's relatives, the needy, orphans and travelers one fifth of your spoils (8:41).

Killing

Muslims are not to kill those who Allah has declared as sacred, unless it is for a just cause (25:68). Muslims are not to kill other Muslims and those who do so unjustly will burn in Hell (4:29,30).

Strike Back or Forgive

Take revenge for an evil deed with equal force. If one chooses to forgive it is better, but those who defend themselves are not wrong (42:40-41). Evil and good are different. Resist evil with good and your enemy will become your dearest friend (41:34). Show forgiveness, stand up for justice and avoid ignorant people (7:199).

Retaliation for Murder

When a person is murdered then retaliation is allowed as long as it is 'equitable.' A free man is to be killed if a free man was murdered, a slave for a slave and a female for a female. If the wronged party forgives then a liberal fine should be paid (2:178).

Basics

Steadfast Muslims pray, give to the poor, believe in the Judgment Day and fear punishment since no one is secure from punishment. They also curb their sexual desires for women other than their wives and prisoners of war (slaves) for these are lawful for them. Steadfast Muslims keep promises and give honest testimony (70:22-35, 13:18-24). Those who recite the Qur'an, attend prayers and give alms will be rewarded (35:29,30). When Muslims are reminded of Allah's revelations and miracles they prostrate themselves in adoration (32:15). Whoever surrenders himself to Allah and does good deeds has a secure grasp on life (31:22).

Wash Before Prayer

When you rise to pray, wash your hands up to the elbows, your feet to the ankles and wipe your heads. If water is not available, use clean sand and rub your hands and faces with it (5:6).

Prayer Times

Allah is to be glorified in the morning and evening, at the sun's decline and at noon (30:17,18). When one prays he is to say, 'Praise be to Allah who has never taken unto himself a son, who has no wife or partner in his kingdom and who does not rely on any friend for protection' (17:111).

Little Sleep

The righteous will go to Gardens when they die because they lived a good life, got little sleep at night and dawn found them already praying. They gave to beggars and those who could not even ask for help (51:15-19). They spend the night standing and prostrating themselves on the ground in adoration, praying that Allah would not send them to Hell (25:64-65).

Beg for Forgiveness

There is no god but Allah. Implore him for forgiveness of your faults and those of other believers for he knows everywhere you go (47:19). Beg for Allah to forgive you because he is often merciful (73:20).

Qualities

Faith, good works, justice and determination are marks of a Muslim (103:3). They walk humbly on the earth and reply to the ignorant saying, 'Peace' (25:63, 17:37).

Adultery

Adultery is forbidden (25:68). Sexual relations are allowed with four wives at a time. A daughter of a new wife may be taken as one of the four wives as long as the marriage with the mother has not yet been consummated. Sexual relations are also allowed with slaves even if they are married, the wife of one's son-in-law as long as they divorce and under-aged children (33:37-38, 4:23, 65:4).

Unbelievers

Unbelievers deny the Last Judgment and turn away from orphans. They do not urge others to feed the poor. They are those who make a show of being religious but do not give alms to the impoverished (107:1-7).

Favors

Do not give expecting more in return (74:6).

Stains

Do not let your clothes be stained by bodily fluids (74:4).

Patience

Be patient for Allah to act (74:7). A Muslim regularly prays, demands that others obey Islamic law and patiently endures whatever life brings to him (31:17).

Financial Contributions

If Muslims do not give generously to the Islamic cause, they will harm their soul and will be replaced by others (47:38).

Testimonies from Hell

The sinners will be questioned by those in the Garden Paradise, 'What did you do to be sent to Hell?' The answer will be that they did not pray or feed the hungry, gossiped and denied belief in the Judgment Day (74:40-46).

No Assurance

Those who repent, devote themselves to Islam and do what is right, have a chance or hope for the Eternal Gardens (28:67).

Traveler

Give what is due to relatives, the needy and the traveler (30:38).

Adopted Sons

Adopted sons must be named after their true fathers if that is possible (33:5).

Denying Islam

If any one is forced to recant their Muslim faith but in their hearts they believe, they will be forgiven. Those who sincerely deny Islam, after being a Muslim, will suffer the wrath of Allah and be sternly punished (16:106).

Food Restrictions

The only restricted foods are of dead animals, blood, pork and food offered to idols, but if they are eaten without an intent to sin, Allah will be merciful (16:115). These are the same foods that were restricted to the Jews who came before the Muslims (16:118).

Visiting Mosques

Non-Muslims should not be allowed to visit the mosques of Allah but only those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, attend their prayers and pay the alms-tax and fear only Allah (9:18).

Reject Unbelieving Family

Muslims must not treat their fathers or brothers as friends if they choose to reject Islam (9:23).

Tests of Fortitude

Allah uses fear, famine, death and loss of wealth to test the steadfastness of Muslims (2:155).

Alcohol and Gambling

Wine, gambling, idolatry and using arrows to predict the future are Satan's devices (5:90).

Islamic Nationalism

Muslims must become a righteous and unified nation (3:104,105). Muslims are the best nation that has ever been raised up for mankind (3:110).

Chapter Seventeen

The Qur'an

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

The word Qur'an means 'recitation.' It was a word used in churches for the reading of the Bible in the time of Mohammed. They are verses that Mohammed recited while exhibiting behavior resembling seizures. His followers wrote the verses on any material that was at hand.

As detailed earlier in this book, the respect for the Qur'an grew rapidly after Mohammed's escape to Medina. His followers believed that Mohammed was building on the credibility of the Bible. They revered him as a Biblical prophet equal to Abraham, Moses and David. They believed the content of the Qur'an to be lofty in its laws and so beautiful in its poetry that it surpassed the many poets among the idol worshipers.

Decades after Mohammed's death, many of those who claimed to have committed his verses to memory were dying fighting for Islam. Thinking that the verses would be lost, a committee gathered and compiled the first Qur'an but a problem developed after the Qur'an was copied and distributed. A successor to Mohammed, Caliph Uthman, discovered that the copies of the Qur'an did not agree. The fact that they were different was a scandal. Uthman had a committee of a few leaders establish a standardized copy. Uthman then attempted to have all other copies of the Qur'ans burned.

The collection of sixty-one verses in this chapter reveals several things. These verses, recited by Mohammed, made lofty claims about the Qur'an. The Qur'an purported to agree with the Bible, which had been completed for centuries before the Qur'an, and commanded Muslims to believe in both the Qur'an and the Bible. It claims to be perfect Arabic, a copy of an eternal tablet in heaven, without equal in literary style and without error. The Qur'an claims to reveal hidden details to astound mankind. For example, the Qur'an announced that nineteen angels guard Hell (74:26-31). This news was expected to amaze the Christians into believing in the Qur'an.

The reasons that many of Mohammed's contemporaries did not believe in the Qur'an can be found in the text of the Qur'an itself. For example, when certain 'revelations' were changed, it caused doubt about the perfect divine source of the verses. The direction for prayers was changed from Jerusalem to Mecca with the explanation given that Allah allowed this correction to be made to the Qur'an as a test to see who would still believe in a 'divine revelation' that needed to be altered. Another example would be the verses Mohammed recited which allowed for the veneration of the daughters of Allah. These were erased and replaced by other verses with the explanation that they were Satanic verses that Mohammed received and later had to retract. For a strategic moment in time, these 'Satanic verses' appeased the idol worshipers.

The Qur'an reveals several other reasons the people of Mohammed's day rejected the Qur'an. Some rejected Islam because of the manner in which Mohammed recited the verses. It looked too much like the seizures of demon-possession or insanity. Others, who knew the Bible, realized that Mohammed was reciting Arab, Jewish and Christian fables as if they were actual Biblical history. These people rejected the Qur'an because of its content.

The Qur'an Says…

Satanic Verses

Mohammed had spoken some verses to be a part of the Qur'an which really came from Satan, but this was not unusual since every prophet and apostle before him has had the same problem. The Satanic verses were removed. The purpose of Satanic verses is to test the unbelievers and divide them into sects which will be a sign that the Qur'an is true to those who believe (22:52,53). The Satanic verses were deleted and replaced by better verses or similar ones (2:106).

Validity Questioned

When one of the verses, Mohammed had given as part of the Qur'an, was replaced by another verse, the non-Muslims decided that he was an impostor only claiming to be a prophet (16:101).

Changes Cause Doubt

The foolish wonder why Mohammed's earlier instructions were replaced with different ones (in relation to which direction a Muslim should face when praying, Jerusalem or Mecca). The answer to these 'foolish doubters' is that the first revelation was given as the first part of a tough test. This change (in the Qur'an) was performed in order to see which followers would remain Muslims and which would defect as a result. It was a great test which true Muslims withstood (2:142,143).

Verses Memorized and Forgotten

The verses Mohammed spoke were to be repeated by the Muslims so that they would not forget any of them except those which Allah wanted to be forgotten (87:6,7).

Heavenly Tablet

The Qur'an is written on a preserved tablet (presumably on a stone tablet in heaven) (85:21,22).

Detailed Exposition

The Qur'an confirms the Bible and gives all the details of everything which took place in history (or an explanation of all things) (12:111).

Tutored

The unbeliever accused a specific person of helping Mohammed compose the Qur'an (16:103).

Possessed

The non-Muslims glared at Mohammed with their eyes and said, 'No doubt, he is possessed' (68:51 25:8).

False Prophet

The non-Muslims said that Mohammed invented his verses himself with the help of others (46:8, 52:33, 25:4).

Insane

The non-Muslims said that Mohammed was insane (68:2). The idol worshipers said that since Mohammed performed no miracles they would not leave their gods just because of Mohammed's words. They decided that their gods had cursed him with madness (11:53-54).

Fairy Tales

The non-Muslims objected to the content of the Qur'an because they recognized in it familiar old fables which were presented in the Qur'an as history. Someone, who spent a great deal of time helping Mohammed learn them, taught these tales to him (16:24, 25:5, 68:15, 83:13).

Nineteen Angels

Nineteen angels guard Hell! This is such a startling revelation that those who believe in the Bible may now believe in the Qur'an as well and Muslims may be strengthened in faith. At the same time, the numbering of the angels will be a point of ridicule for the unbelievers. It is meant to sound stupid to unbelievers because Allah misleads some and guides others (74:26-31).

Idolater's Challenged

Idol worshipers say that the Qur'an is invented. They are challenged to write one chapter like it with the help of their gods (10:38).

Many Poets in Mohammed's Day

Poets are found walking aimlessly in every valley. They gathered followers who believe errors. The poets teach things they do not practice (26:224-226).

Unchanged

No one can change Allah's words (18:27).

Confirms the Bible

The Qur'an, written in Arabic, agrees with and confirms the Book of Moses which was revealed as a guide and blessing to all men (46:12). The stories in the Qur'an are not invented tales but validate and confirm the Bible (12:111). The Qur'an is from Allah and that is why it fully explains the Bible which came before it (10:37). 'If you (Mohammed) doubt the reliability of the Qur'an, you should ask those who are reading the Bible, which was revealed prior to your life (10:94). There is nothing new in the Qur'an which was not revealed to former apostles (41:43).

Qur'an in Heaven

The Qur'an is given in Arabic so that it may be easily understood and its Mother Book is in Allah's presence, highly exalted and full of wisdom (43:4).

Never Finished

The writings of Allah's words could never be finished even if all the trees on the earth were pens and the sea were ink with seven other seas to replenish it (31:27).

Genies Kept Away

Genies are kept far away from hearing the reading of the Qur'an. It is impossible for them to hear it (26:212).

Genies Converted

Some genies flew up to heaven and eavesdropped on the reading of the Qur'an taking place there. They saw the comets and flaming darts which are thrown at the genies to keep them away from hearing what is taking place in heaven. They heard the message that Allah is one and that he has no wife or children and believed the message. They became Muslims. Thus, some genies are believers in Islam. Others are the fuel for the fires of hell (72:1-15).

Eye of a Needle

Those who deny the Qur'an will not get into the gates of Paradise until a camel passes through the eye of a needle (7:40).

No Errors

The Qur'an is the best Scripture with no inconsistencies (39:23). It is written in Arabic free of all faults (39:28). It is free from all contradictions (4:82).

Belief in Bible and Qur'an

True believers are those who believe in the Qur'an and the Bible (2:4).

Chapter Eighteen

The Holy Bible

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Muslims today reject the Bible as corrupted in spite of the Qur'an verses listed below which support the inspiration and reliability of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures. The Qur'an complements the Bible numerous times with good reason since the Qur'an claims to continue, confirm and gain its own credibility from the Bible. As seen from this collection of seventy-one verses, it does this by asserting that Mohammed is a prophet equal to Abraham, Moses, David and the rest of the prophets and apostles. It asserts that Allah is the same deity worshiped by the Christians and Jews of Mohammed's day, which was around 600 years after the earthly ministry of Christ. The Qur'an recognized the validity of the Holy Scriptures, the Jews and Christians studied, as divinely inspired.

The Islamic rejection of the Bible stems from verses that imply that the Jews and Christians corrupted their Holy Book entrusted to them. The next chapter, 'Counterfeit Verses,' clearly shows that the Qur'an blames the fraudulent verses on two groups. They are the idol worshipers who wrote their own poetry and false teachers among the Christians and Jews who misrepresented their Bible and sold their fake verses for a profit. Muslims today find that they must attack the credibility of the Bible because the message and stories of the Qur'an contradict the very Holy Scriptures that it claims to confirm. The question is, If the Bible was altered, when did it happen and why would God allow His Word to be changed?

Muslims had a difficult time claiming that the Bible was changed before Mohammed since the verses in the Qur'an uphold the Bible studied by Christians and Jews during that time. They cannot support a belief that the Bible was changed after the time of Mohammed because of modern science. There is overwhelming evidence from ancient manuscripts that the content of the Bible studied today in synagogues and churches around the world has essentially been passed on unchanged though the centuries.

Some Muslims try to get around the problem by picking and choosing which parts of the Bible they will accept as inspired Scriptures. They do this because some verses in the Qur'an only mention the Torah (Law of Moses in the first five Books), while others include both the Zabur (Writings such as the Psalm of David) and the Injil (Gospel). They do not realize that the Qur'an accepts 'the Book,' which is literally what the word 'Bible' means. Thus, the verses Mohammed recited in the Qur'an support the complete text of 'the Bible.' They also do not realize that many verses admit that there are many prophets and apostles not specifically mentioned in the Qur'an. As for the 'Gospel,' many Muslims do not realize that the church has always referred to the message of the entire New Testament as 'the Gospel' of Jesus Christ. Again, the Qur'an supports the Bible yet contradicts the content of the Bible. This is a problem for the Muslims.

The Qur'an Says…

Support for Qur'an Found in the Bible

The teachings about Judgment Day are written in earlier Scriptures; the Books of Abraham and Moses (87:17-19). Has the unbeliever never heard what is preached in the Books of Moses and Abraham (53:36-37)? Monotheism is the truth taught in the Qur'an and the Bible. Unbelievers are challenged to show Muslims any proof to the contrary (21:24).

Character of Prophets

When the prophets, descendants of Adam, Noah, Abraham and Israel received revelations they fell down in tears and worshiped (19:58). Each of the Bible prophets was righteous (6:83-85).

Agreement with the Bible

The stories in the Qur'an are not invented tales but validate and confirm the Bible (12:111).

Fully Explains the Bible

The Qur'an is from Allah and that is why it fully explains the Bible which came before it (10:37).

Doubters Directed to Christians and Jews

'If you (Mohammed) doubt the reliability of the Qur'an, you should ask those who are reading the Bible, which was revealed prior to your life (10:94). All the apostles and prophets, who came before Mohammed, were mere men as he is a mere man. If there is a doubt about this, people should ask the people of the Bible (21:7, 16:43).

Moses

Moses was given the Scriptures as a testimony, guide and blessing to all men in order to teach them (28:43, 46:12).

Protected

No one can change the words of Allah (18:27, 6:115).

Jews and the Scriptures

The Jewish people were given the Torah (first five books of the Bible) but were not responsive to it. They are like a donkey weighed down with heavy books. They are despicable because they reject Allah's revelations. If the Jews are truly the only real friends of Allah they would wish for death, but they do not because they have done what is wrong (62:5-7). The children of Israel were given the Bible, prophethood and favored above all other peoples. It was only after the Scriptures had come to them that they divided into factions (45:16-17). Guidance was given to Moses and the children of Israel inherited the Bible, which is a guide for men of understanding (40:53-54).

Belief in the Bible Commanded

Those that disagree with any of the Scriptures that the apostles have been given will have shackles put on their necks and be dragged through boiling water and thrown into fire on the Judgment Day (40:69-72). Other apostles were sent before Mohammed who could only do miracles by Allah's permission. Some of their stories are recited in the Qur'an and some are not (40:78). True believers are those who believe in the Qur'an and the Bible (2:4). Muslims must say that they believe in Allah, the Qur'an and in what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Jacob's descendants, Moses, Jesus and the other prophets (2:136).

All Nations

Every race on the earth has had its own prophet living among them who came with the Bible (35:23-25).

Same God

Tell the people of the Bible that you (Muslims) believe in the Scriptures, which was given them, and your Qur'an. Tell them that your Allah and their God are the same and that you are submitted to Him (29:46).

Psalms of David

Allah gives some prophets more revelations than others. The Psalms were given to David (17:55).

Support for Mohammed

Allah replied to Moses that he would have mercy on the righteous, those who believe in his revelations and those who follow Mohammed, who can neither read nor write, who people will find mentioned in the Torah and the Gospel which they have with them (7:157).

Bible Studied

Those who inherited the Scriptures have studied them well and know not to say something about Allah that is not true. They are dedicated to the Bible and those who live by the Bible and are devoted to prayer will have their reward (7:168-170). The Christians and Jews disagree yet they study the same Bible (2:113).

Mishandling the Bible

There are illiterate men among the Christians and Jews who know nothing about the Bible. They only know lies and guess what the Bible says. They write Scriptures with their hands and sell it for a small amount. They will be punished (2:78,79). Some cast the Scriptures behind their backs and sell them for a small price (3:187). There are other Christians and Jews who do not sell revelations for a small price. They believe in Allah, the Bible and the Qur'an (3:199).

Many Prophets

There are many prophets including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the tribes, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, Solomon and David who was given the Psalms. There are other prophets not named in the Qur'an (4:163-165).

The Torah Is Trustworthy

The Torah enshrines Allah's judgments. It is a guidance and light of revelation (5:43,44).

The Gospel Is Trustworthy

Jesus, son of Mary, came confirming the Torah which was already revealed. He was given the Gospel in which there is guidance and light. It agrees with the Torah and is a guide and admonition to those who ward off evil. Christians should judge by what Allah has revealed in the Gospel (5:46,47).

Bible Is Trustworthy

The prophets were chosen and guided. They were given the Bible, wisdom and prophethood. If the people of Mohammed's day reject the Bible, it will be entrusted to others who truly believe in the Scriptures (6:87-89).

True and False Bible Teachers

Among the people of the Bible there are very trustworthy individuals and some that cannot be trusted at all. A party of them distorts the Scriptures with their tongues. What they claim is from the Bible actually is not (3:75-78). The false teachers will be challenged to bring the Torah and read it to prove what they say is true. After the reading, those that invent falsehoods about Allah are great sinners (3:93,94). No one is more wicked than the person who invents a lie about Allah. He claims that he has received inspiration when he has not. He says that he can write revelations like the Scriptures. The angels will come to punish him when he dies (6:93).

Knowing God Personally

There is one God. The Christians and Jews know him as they know their own sons. But others have lost their souls through idol worship, inventing falsehoods about Allah, sinful behavior and denying the revelations (6:20-22).

Unchanged

The words of Allah are perfected in truth and justice. No one can change them (6:115).

Hope for Christians and Jews

If the people of the Bible would have faith and keep from evil, they would have been pardoned. If they had observed what is revealed in the Torah and the Gospel, they would be rewarded (5:65,66). They will not be guided until they follow what is taught in the Torah and the Gospel. The Biblical Scriptures are divine revelations, but reading them causes rebellion in those without faith (5:68).

Chapter Nineteen

Counterfeit Verses

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Muslims today attack the credibility of the Bible partly because they misunderstand the twenty-two Qur'an verses collected in this chapter. They think these verses teach that Jews and Christians have taken the divinely inspired Bible and corrupted it by adding stories and teaching of their own invention. Interpreted properly, these verses from the Qur'an actually support the credibility of the Bible. This is an important chapter as it relates to Christian-Muslim relations.

The crux of the matter is the definition of 'counterfeit verses.' The investigation begins with a description of an ancient pagan tradition prevalent in Mohammed's time. In those days, idol worshipers were famous for their many poets who claimed that their verses were inspired by their gods. The verses Mohammed recited condemned their 'Scriptures' as merely human inventions.

In the same way, the Qur'an claimed that there were Christians and Jews in Mohammed's day that also invented verses. The Qur'an accuses them of selling their counterfeit verses as actual portions of the Bible. The Qur'an makes it clear that these inventions or misrepresentations were not added to the Bible as the Qur'an challenges false teachers to read the actual Bible publicly to prove that their counterfeit verses were not Scriptural.

The Qur'an Says…

Many Poets in Mohammed's Day

The unbelievers said that Mohammed was simply a poet (52:30). Poets are found walking aimlessly in every valley. They gather followers who believe errors. The poets teach things they do not practice (26:224-226).

Godless Desire Verses

Every single unbeliever, who has no fear of the afterlife, wants his own personal Scripture to be presented to him (74:52-53).

Idol Worshipers Counterfeit Scriptures

The most evil people in the world are those who invent false revelations and deny Allah's revelations. They worship powerless idols (10:17-18).

Idolaters Challenged

Idol worshipers say that the Qur'an is invented. They are challenged to write one chapter like it with the help of their gods (10:38).

Child Killing

Child killing is an invented teaching of the idol worshipers to mislead their people. If Allah had willed that they not do this it would not have been done. Leave them alone (6:137).

Invented Laws

Idol worshipers invent lies about what crops and animals people are forbidden to eat. They forbid the riding of some animals and others they do not pronounce the name of Allah over which is a sin. They allow the killing of their own children. They invent falsehoods about Allah. They have gone astray and are not guided (6:137-140).

Purchased

Some gladly buy false stories which they use to mislead others and ridicule the Qur'an. These people will receive a humiliating punishment (31:6).

Illiterate Christians and Jews

There are illiterate men among the Christians and Jews who know nothing about the Bible. They only know lies and guess what the Bible says. They write Scriptures with their hands and sell it for a small amount. They will be punished (2:78,79).

False Bible Teachers

There are people of the Bible who distort Scriptures with their tongues. The false teachers will be challenged to bring the Torah and read it to prove what they say is true. After the reading, those that invent falsehoods about Allah are great sinners (3:93,94). When sinful Jews perverted the word given to Moses a plague was sent down on them (2:59).

Unchanged

The words of Allah are perfected in truth and justice. No one can change them (6:115).

Protected

No one can change the words of Allah (18:27).

Chapter Twenty

Christians

Preface Comparison with the Bible

The Qur'an has many things to say on the subject of Christians which is illustrated by the thirty-eight verses in this collection. Some people are surprised to find that Mohammed began his proclamations about six hundred years after the ascension of Jesus Christ. There were Christians practicing their faith and studying the Holy Bible while the youthful Mohammed searched for his beliefs. There were also numerous Jewish communities.

As shared before, Mohammed was aware of the two monotheistic faiths, but his tribe was in charge of the Kaaba, a large building filled with idols in Mecca. His tribe believed that their chief deity was named 'Allah.' When Mohammed announced that Allah was the one and only 'Creator of the Worlds,' he hoped that both the Christians and Jews would welcome him as a prophet equal to Abraham, David and Jesus.

His first verses demonstrated this hope. The Jews and Christians were honored as 'People of the Book (Bible).' The verses Mohammed recited built the credibility of the Qur'an on the foundation of the Bible. When both faiths rejected Mohammed and his verses, the Qur'an began to attack them and their beliefs. This is why there are contradictions in what the Qur'an teaches about Christians and Jews. A quick comparison between the first verse cited below and the last demonstrate this fact. In 2:62 the Qur'an claims that Christians and Jews have a reward waiting for them on the Judgment Day. In 98:6 they are called the worst creatures on earth.

The Qur'an Says…

Reward Awaits Jews and Christians

Those who are Muslims, Jews, Christians and Sabaeans have a reward awaiting them with their Lord and should have no fear or grief because they believe in Allah, the Last Day and do what is right (2:62).

Upright Disciples

Some people of the Bible recite the Holy Scriptures during the night and fall prostrate in worship. They believe in Allah and the Last Day and are righteous. They will be rewarded (3:113-115).

Knowing God Personally

There is one God. The Christians and Jews know him as they know their own sons. But others have lost their souls through idol worship, inventing falsehoods about Allah, sinful behavior and denying the revelations (6:20-22).

Doubters Directed to Christians and Jews

'If you (Mohammed) doubt the reliability of the Qur'an, you should ask those who are reading the Bible, which was revealed prior to your life (10:94).

Bible Studied by Christians and Jews

Those who inherited the Scriptures have studied them well and know not to say something about Allah that is not true (7:169). The Christians and Jews disagree yet they study the same Bible (2:113).

Followers of Jesus Complimented

Jesus, the son of Mary, followed in a long line of prophets and apostles. He was given the Gospel and Allah put compassion and mercy in the hearts of his followers (57:27).

Same God

Tell the people of the Bible that you (Muslims) believe in the Scriptures which were given them and your Qur'an. Tell them that your Allah and their God are the same and that you are submitted to Him (29:46).

Hope for Christians and Jews

If the people of the Bible would believe and keep from evil, they would be pardoned. If they had observed what is revealed in the Torah and the Gospel, they would be rewarded (5:65,66). They will not be guided until they follow what is taught in the Torah and the Gospel (5:68).

Jews Are Enemies - Christians Are Humble

Jews and pagans are the fiercest in their opposition to Islam, but the most affectionate are those who call themselves 'Christians.' They have priests and monks and they are not proud. Tears come to their eyes when they hear the reading of the Qur'an because they recognize that it is true. But those who disbelieve and deny Allah's revelations are going to the fires of hell (5:82-86).

Denominations

There were no denominational parties among the Jews or Christians until after the arrival of Mohammed who 'recited' simple teaching; to worship and obey Allah alone, pray regularly and pay the alms-tax which is the only true religion (98:4-5). The Children of Israel divided into factions just after they settled in the land of Israel when knowledge was given them (10:93).

Allah Has no Son

Those who believe that Allah has a son must be admonished since this is a monstrous blasphemy and falsehood (18:4-6). Allah has never begotten a son and there are no deities beside him (23:91). Jews say that Ezra is the son of Allah while the Christians say the Messiah is the son of Allah. May Allah destroy them. They are both perverted. They worship rabbis, monks and the Messiah, the son of Mary, as Lords besides Allah in opposition to the monotheistic command given them (9:30, 31).

Monks

The institution of monasticism was not from Allah but a man made attempt to please Allah. The monks were not successful in their attempt but some were rewarded for their belief. Many were rebellious evil doers (57:27).

Fight against Christians

Muslims, fight everyone who rejects Islam, even Christians and Jews, until they pay regular financial tribute with willing submission and feel themselves completely subjected to their Islamic conquerors (9:29).

Claim to Paradise

The Jews and Christians claim that they alone will be admitted to Paradise. This is wishful thinking (2:111).

Stop Saying, 'Three'

People of the Bible should not exaggerate. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, his word he cast to Mary and a spirit from him. So believe in Allah and his messengers and stop saying 'three'. Allah is only one. He is too transcendent and majestic to have a son. The Messiah is not ashamed to be a slave of Allah (4:171,172, 5:72,73).

Defined as Unbelievers

Unbelievers are the ones who say that Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary (5:17).

Avoid Befriending Jews or Christians

The Muslim who takes Christians or Jews as friends is one of them (5:51).

Both Jews and Christians Most Evil Creatures

The Christians, Jews and idol worshipers, who do not believe in Mohammed or the Qur'an, are going to burn forever in hell and are the worst creatures on earth (98:6).

Chapter Twenty-one

Jesus Christ

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

No other subject divides the Qur'an from the Bible as does the question of whether Jesus Christ is only a prophet or God incarnate. The eighty-three verses paraphrased from the Qur'an in this chapter will explain the core of the Islamic position. Christians believe that a true understanding of Jesus is essential for salvation and eternal life.

A summary and comparison with the Biblical gospel of Jesus Christ should begin with the similarities between the two portrayals of Jesus. It is interesting that the Qur'an does confirm Christ's Apostles' message that Jesus was the Messiah, a holy child born of the Virgin Mary, did mighty miracles, was followed by noble disciples and brought the Gospel. It even heralds Jesus as the Word and Spirit from Allah. The Qur'an adds an amazing story of how the child Jesus created a live bird from a clay sculpture. This story is not found in the Bible.

On the other hand, the Qur'an denies that any of these signs or titles suggest that Jesus was the incarnation of God. It announces that Jesus served on earth as a slave of Allah just as Mohammed. It goes to great lengths to denounce the Holy Trinity, the crucifixion of Jesus and his title as the Son of God. Muslims believe the term 'Son of God' mandates that Allah had sexual relations in order to produce a child. Christians are greatly disturbed when they discover this misunderstanding.

The Islamic denial of the crucifixion is worthy of a special note in this preface. The Qur'an teaches nothing about salvation through belief in the cross and resurrection of Jesus. It states that the Jews did not kill the Messiah; it only looked to them like they did, but Allah gathered him up. What does that mean? Muslim tradition teaches that Judas was miraculously given the appearance of Jesus and was crucified by the Jews who thought he was Christ Jesus himself, while Jesus was secretly taken up to Allah. In this way he escaped the attack of his fellow Jews.

After a study of the following verses from the Qur'an, a central question will remain. If the Qur'an is correct, why did the apostles of Christ go into the world proclaiming that they were witnesses of his death and resurrection heralding salvation for all those who believe? They went forth commanding that the converts be baptized in the name of the one God; Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The answer is that the Muslims believe the original Gospel to have been altered as it was transmitted throughout history. Thus the Muslims believe that the mission of Jesus failed to start the true church. How did the church of the Arabian Peninsula receive this message?

The church of Mohammed's day rejected the Qur'an because it degraded the Lord Jesus. From the time of the apostles, the New Testament clearly teaches that Jesus was a real man, yet he was the Word of God, God with us, the image of the invisible God, one with the Father and in him lived all the fullness of God in a true human body. This was important because they knew that Jesus was human, in this way he could pay for the sins of humans, yet he was divine so he was holy enough to be a pure sacrifice. This was not something they invented, it was revealed to them by Old Testament prophets (Psalm 22, Isaiah 53), angels (Matthew 1:20-25), John the Baptist (John 1:29), the Lord Jesus (Luke 24:44-53) and God's Apostles (Colossians 1:15-20).

Jesus said that, at the end of the age, he would come in glory surrounded by the angels and appear seated on his throne to judge the nations (Matthew 25:31,32). The fiercely monotheistic Jews, who heard him, either had to believe he was divine or someone who needed to be killed for blasphemy.

The Christians throughout the ages were inspired to believe that Jesus was who he claimed to be and spread this good news (Gospel) everywhere at the risk of their own lives. They believed the words of Jesus that his church would go forth to every nation and not even the gates of Hell would be able to stop it.

The Qur'an Says…

Holy, Revelation, Mercy

When the spirit of Allah appeared as a full-grown man to the Virgin Mary, he announced that she would have a holy son who would be a revelation to mankind and a mercy from Allah (19:17-21).

No Trinity

People of the Bible should not exaggerate but speak only the truth about Allah. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, his word that he gave to Mary and a spirit from him. So believe in Allah and his messengers and stop saying 'three.' Allah is only one. He is too transcendent and majestic to have a son. The Messiah is not ashamed to be a slave of Allah (4:171,172).

The Breath and Spirit of Allah

Mary, daughter of Imran, who guarded her chastity, is an example of a good wife. Allah breathed into Mary his spirit (the conception of Jesus) and she testified to the truth (that it was a virgin birth) (66:12).

Preached from the Cradle

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. Allah will ask Jesus if he remembered how he was strengthened by the Holy Spirit and was made to preach to men in his cradle (to defend his mother's chastity) and as a man (5:110).

Infant Proclamation

As an infant Jesus miraculously spoke and proclaimed that he was a 'servant' and 'prophet' of Allah who had been given the Gospel. The infant Jesus went on to say that Allah had purified him and commanded him to pray, give alms and obey his parents (19:29-33).

Not the Son of God

Jesus is the son of Mary. This is the whole truth which Christians are unwilling to believe. It is degrading to think that Allah would have a son! Allah just commands things to happen and they happen (such as Jesus being born of a virgin) (19:34,35). Those who say that Allah has begotten a son proclaim something disastrous. The sky would crack, the earth split apart and the mountains would fall down if they ascribed to Allah a son. It is beneath his majesty (19:88-92). Those who believe Allah had a son are liars who will be punished (10:68,69). Mohammed was told to say that if Allah had a son, Mohammed would be the first to worship him. It is a falsehood that the Christians will have to answer for on the Judgment Day (43:81-83). Allah has no children or wife in his kingdom (25:2).

Only a Slave

When the son of Mary is declared as an example (of the Almighty in human form) the idol worshipers ridicule and dispute as to whether their gods are better or Jesus. Jesus is nothing but a slave on whom Allah gave favor and made him an example (of a prophet) for the Children of Israel. Jesus came with clear miracles and told the people to do their duty to Allah and to obey him. He commanded them to worship Allah, their Lord and his (43:57-64).

Strengthened with the Holy Spirit

Jesus, son of Mary, was given power to do miracles and strengthened with the Holy Spirit. Yet, when an apostle comes with undesirable teachings, the Jews get prideful and some they call imposters and others they kill (2:87, 253).

No Savior

Everyone (including Jesus) will appear before Allah on the Day of Judgment as only a slave who is alone and without a savior or intercessor (19:93-95).

Supported Torah and Predicted Mohammed

Jesus, son of Mary, told Israel that he had come to confirm the Jewish Holy Scriptures which came before him, and to announce that another apostle would come after him named Ahmad (61:6).

His Disciples

Some Jews followed Jesus as Allah's helpers and they were blessed to triumph over their enemies (61:14). The disciples of Jesus surrendered themselves to Allah and the Apostle Jesus. They were believers and witnesses. After Allah lifted Jesus up to himself to free Jesus from the unbelievers, the disciples were blessed. The followers of Jesus will be exalted above the unbelievers till the Day of Resurrection when their denominational differences will be settled (3:55).

Worked Miracles

Jesus came with clear signs but he was rejected as bewitched (61:6). By Allah's permission, Jesus brought a clay bird to life, gave the blind sight, healed lepers and raised the dead to life (3:49).

Crucifixion of Christ

The Jews have broken the covenant, denied Allah's revelations and killed the prophets wrongfully. They speak a tremendous slander against Mary. They also say that they killed the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary and Allah's messenger. They did not kill him or crucify him. It only appeared that way to them. They did not kill him but Allah took him up to himself (4:155-158). After Allah caused Jesus to die (or ascend without dying) and lifted him up to heaven to free Jesus from the unbelievers, the disciples were blessed. The followers of Jesus will be exalted above the unbelievers till the Day of Resurrection when their disputes will be judged (3:55).

Made a Live Bird from Clay

On the judgment day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. He will be asked if he remembered how he was given Bible instruction, wisdom and miraculous power. By Allah's permission, he fashioned a bird from clay and breathed life into it (to make it live) (5:110).

A Table of Food from Heaven

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. He will ask if he remembered how, by Allah's permission, he healed the person born blind, cured the leper and raised the dead. The story will be recounted of how Jesus was allowed to call down a table set with food for his followers (5:110-115).

Denies the Trinity

On the Judgment Day, Allah will question Jesus who will be among the other apostles. Jesus will be asked if he told mankind to worship him and his mother as two gods besides Allah. Jesus will strongly deny it (5:116-118).

Jesus Is Like Adam

Both Jesus and Adam are special creations by the command of Allah (3:59). (This is an interesting verse because the Qur'an rejects the worship of Jesus, yet Satan was banished to hell because he refused to obey Allah's command to bow before Adam, the man who was sculpted and brought to life from clay. Satan did not believe Allah would ask him to do something so illogical. The story of Satan is found in 7:11-23, 15:28-39, 18:50.)

Chapter Twenty-two

The Jews

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

The Qur'an's views on the subject of the Jewish people is certainly of interest as the relationship between the nation of Israel and the Muslim world continue to be an epicenter of tension throughout the world. This collection of seventy-one verses has both positive and negative things to say about the Hebrews.

Jewish and Muslim relations throughout Mohammed's career were hostile. Mohammed saw himself as equal to Abraham, Moses and King David. His validity as a prophet depended on the connection with Yahweh or the God of the Bible. To his great disappointment, the Jews of the Arabian Peninsula saw him as a demon possessed false prophet. As the Muslims turned to raiding caravans and attacking those that opposed them, the small Jewish communities attempted to avoid coming under Islamic domination but failed. Many of them, like the Jews of Medina and An-Nadir, were attacked and driven out of their lands. The proceeds of their rich orchards were given to the Muslims. One Jewish community, Banu Quraizah, suffered the execution of more than 600 men while their widows and children became the concubines and slaves of their Muslim conquerors.

With this in mind, it is easy to understand why some of the verses paraphrased in this chapter are positive and support the Jewish heritage, since Mohammed was building his credibility on the Bible. Other verses, however, are negative in reaction to the Jewish rejection of him as a prophet. On the positive side, the Qur'an recognizes the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, which the Jews possessed, and commends the Jewish people to study them and obey God's law. It acknowledges that the Jews are God's Chosen People who were given prophethood and the land of Israel, or the Promised Land, as a possession. It assures them of eternal reward.

Again, all of this recognition did not sway the Jews to believe in Mohammed. The negative verses say that the Jews are hypocritical, illogical, vile, hard-hearted murderers of the prophets who misrepresent their Scriptures. It warns them of Hell fire if they reject Mohammed and the Qur'an.

The Qur'an Says…

Given the Holy Land

People of the Bible, remember the words of Moses to his people when he predicted prophets and kings to come. Moses told the Jews to enter the Holy Land, which Allah ordained for them. They were afraid of the people so Allah had them depart from the Holy Land for forty years as they wandered homeless (5:19-26).

Knowing God Personally

There is one Deity. The Christians and Jews know him as they know their own sons. But others have lost their souls through idol worship, inventing falsehoods about Allah, sinful behavior and denying the revelations (6:20-22).

Reward Awaits Jews

Those who are Muslims, Jews, Christians and Sabaeans have a reward awaiting them with their Lord and should have no fear or grieve because they believe in Allah, the Last Day and they do what is right (2:62).

Chosen People

The children of Israel were favored by Allah and preferred above all creatures (2:47).

Remember Allah's Blessings

Manna and quail were sent to the Jews for food. Twelve springs of water came forth for each tribe to drink when Moses smote the rock (2:57-60).

Possess Scriptures

The Children of Israel should accept the Qur'an which confirms the Scriptures they possess. Do not be the first to reject Islam (2:41). Jews should practice what they are reading in their Holy Scriptures (2:44).

Covenant of the Yellow Cow

When Moses commanded the people to sacrifice a cow, they wondered if he was playing a game with them. The people tested Moses with specific questions concerning the nature of the cow to be offered as sacrifice. It was determined to be middle aged, rich yellow color, healthy and free from blemish. The Jews finally did what was commanded, but almost failed to do so (2:67-71).

Bible Studied by Jews

Those who inherited the Scriptures have studied them well and know not to say something about Allah that is not true (7:169). The Christians and Jews disagree yet they study the same Holy Scriptures (2:113).

First to Reject Islam

Do not be the first people to reject the Qur'an because it agrees with your Scriptures. Fear Allah! Be honest about the truth you have in Scripture, do not sell it for a small price, combine not truth with falsehood or conceal the truth. Worship with the Muslims, pray and pay the tax to meet the needs of the poor (2:41-45).

Crucifixion of Christ

The Jews have broken the covenant, denied Allah's revelations and killed the prophets wrongfully. They speak a tremendous slander against Mary. They also say that they killed the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary and Allah's messenger. They did not kill him or crucify him. It only appeared that way to them. They did not kill him but Allah took him up to himself (4:155-158).

Jews and the Scriptures

The Jewish people were given the Torah (first five books of the Bible) but were not responsive to it. They are like a donkey weighed down with heavy books. They are despicable because they reject Allah's revelations (62:5). The Children of Israel were given the Bible, prophethood and favored above all other peoples. It was only after the Scriptures had come to them that they divided into factions (45:16-17). Guidance was given to Moses and the Children of Israel inherited the Bible, which is a guide for men of understanding (40:53-54). They pervert the words of the Bible and take them out of context. All but a few of them are continually treacherous. Bear with them and pardon them for Allah loves those who are kind (5:13).

You Have No Savior

You Jews must protect yourselves from the Judgment Day when you will have no savior, intercession or ransom for your sins (2:47,48).

Remember Your Past Mistakes

After Allah gave the Scriptures to Moses, your forefathers made a golden calf to worship. Moses then encouraged the Jewish people to kill themselves. They were struck by lightening yet revived by a miracle (2:53-56).

Murderers of the Prophets

The Jews disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. They received humiliation, wretchedness was stamped upon them. They received the wrath of Allah (2:61). Jesus, son of Mary, was given power to do miracles and strengthened with the Holy Spirit. Yet, when an apostle comes with undesirable teachings, the Jews get prideful and some they call deceivers and others they kill (2:87). You ask Mohammed to bring fire from the sky as proof before you believe. Other apostles did bring great signs and gave the Scriptures, which give light. Why did you kill them (3:183)?

Sabbath Breakers Turned into Apes

Jews are to remember how a group of Sabbath breakers were changed into detestable apes by Allah as an example for future generations (2:65,66).

Hard Hearted

Even after Allah raised a dead man to life, the Jews hearts were hardened and became harder than rocks (2:72-74).

Hypocrites

They claim to believe that they will go to Heaven, but if they truly believed that then they would wish for death. In fact they love this life more than even the pagans and dread death because they know they face punishment (2:94-96, 62:6-8).

Jews Are Enemies

Jews and pagans are the fiercest in their opposition to Islam, but the most affectionate are some who call themselves 'Christians.' They have priests and monks and they are not proud. Tears come to their eyes when they hear the reading of the Qur'an because they recognize that it is true. But those who disbelieve and deny Allah's revelations are going to the fires of Hell (5:82-86).

Claim to Paradise

The Jews and Christians claim that they alone will be admitted to Paradise. This is a fantasy (2:111).

Befriending Jews Prohibited

The Muslim who takes Christians or Jews as friends is one of them (5:51).

Jews among the Vilest of Creatures

The Christians, Jews and idol worshipers, who do not believe in Mohammed or the Qur'an, are going to burn forever in Hell and are the worst creatures on earth (98:6).

Fight against the Jews

Muslims, fight everyone who reject Islam, even if they are Christians and Jews. Fight them until they pay you regular financial tribute with willing submission and feel themselves completely subjected to their Islamic conquerors (9:29).

Chapter Twenty-three

Criminal Punishments

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

The Qur'an itself lists few specific criminal punishments. Only eighteen verses are collected in this chapter. Other texts the Muslim's respect, the Hadith, list extensive details about how to punish those that break Islamic law.

The punishments listed in the Qur'an seem barbaric, severe and primitive to many non-Muslims. In response, some Muslims claim that these compare with criminal punishments commanded by the prophets in the Old Testament of the Bible. It is true that Yahweh prescribed strict punishments for sin among the people of Israel, but ancient Bible scholars used wisdom in their interpretation and application. For example, metaphors like 'an eye for an eye' were never taken literally. The ancient elders knew it was Yahweh's poetic way of insuring equal justice before a court of law.

Even though capital punishment was prescribed in the Law of Moses, there are significant differences between the Bible and the Qur'an. The Bible does not promote torture such as crucifixion or the beating of women. There is discipline within the church but it does not include physical punishment. The New Testament leaves the punishment of evildoers to the civil authorities (Romans 13:1-7).

The Qur'an Says…

Adulterers 100 Lashes

Both the male and female who are guilty of adultery or premarital sex are to be flogged with one hundred lashes. Absolutely no mercy is to be given. It is to be witnessed by a group of Muslims. The adulterers can only marry a person who has been found guilty of the same crime or an unbeliever in the religion or Islam (24:2,3).

Unsupported Accusation Eighty Lashes

If a person accuses a good woman of sexual misconduct and cannot produce four witnesses, that accuser must be flogged with eighty stripes and never again will their evidence be considered (24:4).

Swear Four Times

If a man accuses his wife without witnesses, he must swear four times calling down a curse on himself if he is lying. If his wife denies the allegations and does the same thing then there will be no punishment (24:6-9).

Retaliation for Murder

When a person is murdered then retaliation is allowed as long as it is 'equitable.' A free man is to be killed if a free man was murdered'a slave for a slave and a female for a female. If the wronged party forgives then a liberal fine should be paid (2:178).

Denying Islam

If believers are forced to recant their Muslim faith but in their hearts they believe, they will be forgiven. Those who deny Islam, after being a Muslim, will suffer the wrath of Allah and be sternly punished (16:106).

Women Confined for Indecency

If a woman is accused by four witnesses of indecency and she confesses to it, confine her to her home until she dies. If two men are convicted for the same thing they should both be punished but if they repent leave them alone (4:15,16).

Beating Rebellious Women

Women who are suspected of disobedience must be scolded, made to sleep alone and beaten. When they return to obedience, no further punishment should be administered (4:34). The Qur'an says that the Biblical character, Job, was commanded to fulfill some unexplained vow by beating his wife (38:44).

Cut Off Hands of Thieves

Men or women who steal must have their hands cut off as a reward for their deeds. This will be an example for others (5:38).

Behead and Maim

The hearts of the infidels will be terrorized so Muslims should attack with courage and behead them and cut off all their fingers. Maiming your victims will show that opposing Allah and Mohammed results in severe punishment. They are going to Hell (8:12-14).

Crucify or Maim

Those who make war on Allah and Mohammed or strive to spread disorder in the land should be killed, crucified, have their hands and feet cut off on alternate sides or be exiled. They must be degraded in this world and doomed in the afterlife except those that repent before the Muslims capture them. In their case Allah will forgive them (5:33,34).

Chapter Twenty-four

Predicted World Events

Preface and Comparison with the Bible

Is Mohammed a Biblical prophet? Knowing the difference between a true and false prophet was a concern of the Jewish people in the time of Moses. The Bible records that God declared that a true prophet will give accurate predictions of future events (Deuteronomy 18:21-22). Does the Qur'an pass this test?

It might seem strange to devote a chapter of this book to a topic that only involves one verse from the Qur'an. The significance of this one verse is that is stands alone. One would expect the Qur'an to be validated through many fulfilled prophecies. However, after an objective study of the Qur'an, only one verse was found that was a prediction concerning world events other than what the Qur'an predicts about what will take place on the Judgment Day. Even this prophecy is vague.

The Qur'an Says…

Defeat and Victory

The (Romans or Greeks) were defeated in a land close by, but they within (a few years, three to nine years or ten years) will gain a victory of their own (30:2-4).

This prediction is extremely ambiguous. It concerns a defeated army, which will gain some kind of victory in the near future. Some Muslim translations of this prophecy in the Qur'an refer to the army as 'Romans' others say 'Greeks.' The opposing forces to the Romans or Greeks are left unidentified. The Romans or Greeks will then be victorious in some unidentified manner. This victory is to take place after a period of either a few years, three to nine years or ten years depending on the English translation of the passage. The prediction was not a far-reaching one. It was clear that it had to do with current events of the time of Mohammed.

In comparison, the Bible was revealed to prophets and apostles over a period of about 1,500 years and contains hundreds of specific prophecies which have proven to be completely accurate over the centuries and the predictions are still being fulfilled. The first books were given to the Prophet Moses (1445-1405 BC) and the last revelation was given to the Apostle John (90-96 AD).

One example is the destruction of ancient Tyre. The Bible detailed the events down to the fact that the stones of the city would be thrown into the sea which was done by Alexander (Ezekiel 26:3, 7-14). Another example is the fact that the Prophet Daniel was shown the exact year of the Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem by Jesus Christ over four hundred years before it happened. He predicted the year of the destruction of the Jewish temple in AD 70 and the scattering of the Jews around the world. In the same passage he also detailed the career of the Anti-Christ (Daniel 9:20-27). The prophet Daniel also saw a vision of the Second Coming of Christ with people of every ethnic group worshiping him (Daniel 7:13-14).

The Lord Jesus predicted specific details about the destruction of Jerusalem. He said that Jerusalem would have embankments built against it, be encircled and find itself hemmed in on every side. He predicted the violent deaths of everyone within its walls. Jesus went on to predict that even the stones of the great Temple would be removed and thrown away. Jesus explained the reason for this disaster. He proclaimed that it was because the Jewish leaders did not recognize that in him God had become incarnate (Luke 19:41-44).

The historian Flavius Josephus described the fulfillment of this prophecy of the Lord Jesus, about the destruction of Jerusalem, almost 1,900 years ago in The Complete Works of Josephus (published today by Trans. William Whiston. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1981, pages 566-568, 589). Josephus wrote that Titus attacked Jerusalem around AD 70. Titus built embankments and had his troops construct an outside wall around Jerusalem to hem them in. Caesar himself ordered that the Temple be spared, but the troops were so furious that they killed all that were left alive after the siege, plundered Jerusalem and removed the stones of every building, even the great Temple, down to the foundations.

As stated previously in this book, Muslims believe that Jesus failed to establish the true church and Allah had to send Mohammed to correct the confusion the Lord Jesus left behind. Christians believe that the Lord Jesus succeeded. As Jesus predicted, even the gates of Hell would not stop the success of his church (Matthew 16:18). He predicted that he would come again after the Gospel was preached to every nation and language (Matthew 24:14). This was a bold prediction for one who had such a small following with such great opposition. The amazing truth is, this prophecy of the global proclamation may be fulfilled in the very near future.

As the Bible has proved to be reliable in its predictions, Christians believe it will prove true in its prophecies concerning the Second Coming of Christ and the Final Judgment. There are predictions throughout the Old and New Testaments. In addition, the final book of the New Testament (the Book of Revelation) is completely devoted to the subject. Jesus predicted that it would be a long time after his earthly ministry. It will be a day that is unexpected. It will be accompanied by natural disasters, resurrection of the dead and the defeat of Satan. It will be a terrible day for the ungodly but a wonderful reward for those who are saved as they see the Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus will be announced with the trumpet call of God, seated on the heavenly throne in glory to judge the world. By God's grace, some will be surprised that they are saved as they have expressed their faith in Christ as Lord by extending kindness to believers in Jesus (Matthew 10:40-42 and 25:31-46). Those who enter God's eternal reward will rejoice because the cross and resurrection of Christ has fully paid for their sins.