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Surah al-Maa'ida 5:44
Was the Torah given to Moses?
Surah al-Maa'ida (5:44)
It is believed by all Muslims that the Torah was given to Moses,
but interestingly, there is not even one verse in the Qur'an
which says so explicitly, although there are many verses which
mention the Torah, and several verses that explicitly speak
about the revelation, giving or "sending down" of the Torah
(3:3,65,93; 5:44,68; 62:5).
This could have remained just an observation of a minor oddity
in the Quran, but apparently this issue is so important, that
some Muslims are willing to lie about this fact against better
knowledge, see this discussion with Akbarally Meherally
([1],
[2]).
Seemingly some translators found this difficult to accept as well and
wanted to solve this problem by adding the name "Moses" in their English
translation of the Qur'an, even though it is not found in the Arabic.
| Pickthall |
Yusuf Ali |
Hilali & Khan |
F. Malik |
Arabic transliteration |
| Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, ... |
It was We who revealed the Torah (to Moses):
therein was guidance and light. ... |
Verily, We did send down the Taurāt (Torah) [to Mūsa (Moses)],
therein was guidance and light, ... |
Indeed We revealed the Taurat to Moses,
in which there is guidance and light: ... |
Innaaa anzalnat-Tawraata fiihaa Hudanw-wa Nuur. ... |
Some at least indicate that "to Moses" is an addition by putting it
into brackets, but not all do so, effectively corrupting their scriptures.
But even with brackets, many readers will get the wrong impression about
the exact meaning of the text, as evidenced in the above referred discussion
with Meherally.
Similar observations can be made regarding Surah 62:5.
We present a number of translations:
| Shakir |
Pickthall |
Yusuf Ali |
Sher Ali |
T.B. Irving |
Arabic transliteration |
| The likeness of those who were charged with the Taurat,
then they did not observe it, is as the likeness of the ass bearing books, ... |
The likeness of those who are entrusted with the Law of Moses,
yet apply it not, is as the likeness of the ass carrying books. ... |
The similitude of those who were charged with the (obligations of the) Mosaic Law,
but who subsequently failed in those (obligations), is that of a donkey
which carries huge tomes (but understands them not). ... |
The likeness of those who were charged with the Law of Torah,
but did not carry out its commandments, is as the likeness of an ass carrying a load of books. ... |
Those who are laden with the Old Testament, yet do not carry it out
may be compared to a donkey who is carrying scriptures. ... |
Masalul-laziina hummilut-Tawraata summa lam yahmiluuhaa
kamasalil-himaari yahmilu asfaaraa. ... |
Again, the name of Moses is only found in the translations, but not in the Arabic.
However, in this verse the situation is worse than in 5:44 since neither Pickthall
nor Yusuf Ali put their reference to Moses in parentheses to indicate that this
name is not actually in the Arabic original.
The translation of Sher Ali is listed for its curiosity of using a double translation
of at-Tawraata, giving both its meaning (the Law) and its English
name (Torah). The translation by T.B. Irving (who was a respected American Muslim
convert) is unusual, but not wrong since the word Taurat is used in this meaning
elsewhere in the early Muslim sources (see, e.g., [1],
[2]).
There are many references in the Qur'an that speak about a/the book (kitab)
given to Moses (2:53,87; 6:91,154; 11:17,110; 17:2; 19:51; 23:49), or even about the
"Books of Moses" (suhuf) (53:36; 87:19). None of those verses, however, identifies
the book by name. Nowhere does the Qur'an clarify the relationship between "the book(s)
of Moses" and the Torah.
Qur'an Versions
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